Logistics & Supply Chain Management short only questions

• Three pillar model is based on
  • Environmental,
    • Clima protection,
    •  protection of resources
    • Protection of biodiversity
    • Food should be grown organically
    • Use natural resources with caution
  • Economic
    • Business and industry
    • Only find products which are in season on the shortes way possible (no flights)
  • Social considerations
    • Better education and training opportunities
    • Equal right to men and women
    • Fighting poverty
    • Prosperity for the whole of humanity

1. People: end poverty and hunger in all forms and ensure dignity and equality
2. Prosperity: ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature
3. Peace: foster peacful just and inclusive societies
4. Partnership: implement the agenda through a solid global partnership
5. Planet: protect our planet's natural resourced and climate for future generation

The three target dimensions need to be taken into account (ecolomic, ecological, social) in intercompany collaboration and in the management of material, information and financial flows so that actors in the supply chain must meet a minimum ecological and social standards.

• Social and governmental . Changing value in society and new laws and regulation
• Market significance. Customer demand for sustainability
• Company-related increased costs for disposal and recycling
• External drivers
  • Market pressure
  • Social pressure
  • Regulatory pressure
• Internal drivers
  • Corporate strategy
  • Corporate culture
  • Corporate resoources

The problem areas are economy (cost, quality), ecology (emission, clima) and social (child labor, occupational safety)

Most company's and customer first need to understand what sustainability menas in the supply chain. Then they need to firue out where and when problems with sustainability occur in the supply chain. Further actors in the supply chain have different perspective, motivations and possibilities and need to understand the whole concept and there are different powers that can make problems with influence and control when running through the suply chain to be sustainable.

• Avoidance: elimination of root causes, generally do not act as first-mover (reactive approach)
• Deferment: reduction of root causes, posponement of logistics proesses (reactive approach)
• Hedging: limitation of main causes, currency hedging (preventive approach)
• Diversification: reduction of dependency, dual or triple sourcing (preventive approach)
• Transfer: risk-sharing, multiple user warehouse, aliances (proactive approach)
• Acceptance: Incur (but monitor) risks, accept fluctations in demand (proactive approach)

When a product is economically feasable, socially acceptable and environmental friendly then it is sustainable. The perspectives are Economy (cost reduction through), Ecology(reducing use of resources) and Soiety (minimum standards in occupational safety).

• Reactive strategy, damage containment upon occurrence of loss
• Defensive strategy
• Adapted strategy
• Proactive strategy, mitigation throuugh continuous risk management

Recycling management does look at the waste produced by the supply chain, this waste includes solid wastes, liquid wastes and gaseous waste. Now the recyling managment tries to avoid as much waste as possible, if not avoidable tries to recycle waste and only if there is no further use, then dispose the waste. It concerns the supply chain management on every level. From product design to avoid disposal problems to packaging and enery recovery from generated heat.

Cause when using sustainabl techniques and resources, you also increase efficiency of buildings, vehicles and machinery at a significant cost saving over a longer timepreriod.

SCM decides on all the steps in a production and by choosing sustainable methods the product itself can get sustainable.

Which statements regarding Sustainability Development with the Agenda 2030 are true, and which are false? (regarding the video "Nachhaltigkeit und ihre Ausprägungen und Dimensionen").

1. Agenda 2030 contains five critical components: "People," "Prosperity," "Peace," "Partnership" and "Planet.": True
2. In Agenda 2030, the countries of the world have set out a timetable for working through the 17 sustainability goals one after the other.: False
3. Agenda 2030 contains 17 sustainability goals based on the five critical components.: True
4. The countries of the world have jointly defined sustainability goals in Agenda 2030.: True

Which statements regarding Entrepreneurial Sustainability are true, and which are false? (regarding the video "Echte unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeit")

1. Management decisions in a level 1.0 company consider purely economic interests such as shareholder value, profits and market share.: False
2. Management decisions in a company at level 3.0 also take into account the concerns of society and the environment, but economic goals are the main focus.: False
3. In companies at level 2.0, three-dimensional value creation is pursued. The focus is simultaneously on economic, ecological and social goals.: True
4. In companies at level 2.0, sustainability is primarily seen as a means to economic success, for example, to minimize risks and reduce cost.: False

Which statements regarding Sustainability are true, and which are false? (regarding the video "Nachhaltigkeit und ihre Ausprägungen und Dimensionen")

1. As early as the 18th century, Carl von Carlowitz had established that sustainability is a social issue.: False
2. The three-pillar model of sustainability takes the environment, ecology and economy into account with one pillar each.: False
3. Sustainability is now regarded as a global concept. It is based on a three-pillar model.: True
4. Carl von Carlowitz had already noticed in the 18th century that there are always enough trees growing back, no matter how many are cut down.: False

Which statements regarding Sustainability are true, and which are false? (regarding the video "Nachhaltigkeit und ihre Ausprägungen und Dimensionen")

1. The pillar "Environment" focuses primarily on climate protection, the use of natural resources (such as agricultural land) and biodiversity.: True
2. The three-pillar model of sustainability takes into account environmental, economic and social aspects with one pillar each.: True
3. The pillars of sustainability can also be considered in isolation.: False
4. The pillar "Economy" focuses, for example, on resource-saving production and short supply chains.: True

Which statements regarding Sustainability are true, and which are false? (regarding the video "Nachhaltigkeit und ihre Ausprägungen und Dimensionen")

1. The three-pillar model of sustainability takes the environment, ecology and social issues into account with one pillar each.: False
2. The pillar "Environment" focuses primarily on resource-saving production and short supply chains.: False
3. The pillar "social" focuses, for example, on combating poverty and addressing social differences.: False
4. The pillar "Social" focuses, for example, on equal rights and education.: True

Goods and services, payment and data

Customer requirements, costs and supplier network, stock levels, manufacturing, transport cpacities.

Different technologies can influence.

Robots in warehousing or home for elderly, industry 4.0 flexible and networked manufacturing, fully-networked railway infrastructure, drones

By the efficiency and effectiveness of their work.

Typical elements are

• Supply chain strategies
• Supply chain processes with plan of source make deliver.
• Information systems
• Organisation
• Performance indicators of customer service, cost , flexibility, assets

• Supplier-centric approach: supply chain as a network of suppliers producing goods
• Customer-centric approach: a supply chain consists of all the levels required (direct or indirect) to fulfil a customer request
• Systematic coordination between all required parties: combine supplier-centric & customer-centric
• Demand-side approach: demand chain focuses on market demand towards supplier
• Organization-related consideration of the supply chain: supply chain as a series of organizational units both within a company as well in other companies.
• Single-stage supply chain: reflects only direct relationships between suppliers and customers
• Multi-stage supply chain: in extreme cases, it maps all stages, from raw material through the disposal or recycling of end-of-life- products. Complexity increases, no chance to monitor all stages, limit themself on two levels
• Market-driven supply chain: market decisions determine the nature of the supply chain. Investment, strategies, cooperation, market decisions
• Functional supply chain: analysis according to the main activity of the operational functional areas. Purchasing, manufacturing, movement, warehousing, sales

• Product or target group
• Strategy resp. Requirement
• Flow perspective

 executed by definition, concepts and strategies

Product or target group

• Product-centric, focus on individual products (volume)
• Customer centric, focus on special target groups

Strategy resp. Requirement category

• Direct, open competition, competitive offers and tenders
• Trade of bulk goods, focus on independent trade
• Lean supply chains and system integration
• Competing constellations of interlinked companies
• Interlinked network supply between competitors
• Capital goods control the offering, market leadership is the goal
• Partnerships to the benefit of the customer
• Virtual offering- no production only customer (man. Outsourced)

Flow perspective category

• Distribution, physical progression of a product
• Material flow, organization that purchase, convert and sell materials
• Workflow, pre-defined sequence of activities within an organization
• Information flow, flow of information between integrated partners.

The business model is how the company makes money. Are you a B2B company or a B2C? Is your product digital or physical? All these needs to be answered and many more before moving onto SCM

The supply chain model is there to make the product available to your customer and ensure profitability on a landed or delivered cost perspective

E-business refers to the use of internet and digital technologies for business processes. The goal of e-business is

• Avoidance of repeated capturing of the same data
• The acceleration of communication between business partners regarding the procurement of goods, delivery and payment transactions
• Competitive advantage through faster response to events both in operations and in the marketplace
• Closer involvement of suppliers
• The reduction of inventory
• Intensifying customer service
• Integration of value-creation partners

• Procurement side: value contribution of the suppliers to the products and services of the own company
• In-house: the value contribution made by the company's own products and services
• Sales side: refers to the value that arises through and in the interaction with the customers
• Business models: deals with the integration of the different strategic directions and business models from suppliers, the own company and customers
• Processes: focuses on the overarching collaboration between suppliers, your own company and customers
• Sustainability: focuses on the long-term success of the company, taking into account economics, ecology and social issues

Which statements regarding the definitions of the term «Supply Chain» are true, and which are false?

1. The organizations-related view of a Supply Chain is, among other things, a stringing together of organizational units within a company, which produce goods and services for customers and delivers these as well.: True
2. The organization-related view of a Supply Chain is a chain of supplier processes, which produce goods and services for customers and deliver these as well.: False
3. A «single-stage Supply Chain» depicts only the direct customer relationships.: False
4. A «single-stage Supply Chain» depicts only the direct customer relationships.: False

Which statements regarding the goals of digital networking in e-business are true, and which are false?

1. One goal is the avoidance of repeated acquisition or input of the same data.: True
2. One goal is to outsource customer care and, thus, virtually bind customers to the company.: False
3. One goal is to involve suppliers, especially subcontractors, more closely in the operational process.: True
4. One goal is the integration of value-adding partners.: True

Which statements regarding the «Characteristics of a Value Network» are true, and which are false?

1. A Value Network describes a business model that utilizes digital Supply Chain concepts.: True
2. A Value Network is oriented towards the competitive factors time and flexibility.: True
3. A Value Network has the main objective to be able to quickly and flexibly react to customer requirements.: True
4. A Value Network has the main objective to be able to quickly and flexibly react to supply bottlenecks.: False

Which statements regarding "value creation in dynamic supply chains" are true, and which are false?

1. The value creation is to be seen, from a purely company internal perspective, in order to reduce complexity.: False
2. Dynamic supply chains resp. a network of organizations must place value creation in the center.: True
3. Dynamic supply chains are a network of organizations that are are linked together in both the forward and backward directions.: True
4. Dynamic supply chains are a network of organizations which create value within different processes and activities.: True

Within a Supply Chain strategy the desired added value must be defined. Which questions about this are true, and which are false?

1. Which customers does the company wish to address with its products?: False
2. How far does the vertical range of manufacturing extend?: True
3. Will the company offer a standard product in a single version for all customers or customized product series?: True
4. With which products and services will the company enter into competition?: True