DNA Replication

DNA Polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from the leading and lagging strand

5' to 3' prime polymerase activity -> leading and lagging strand (lagging strand are sequences called okazaki fragments)

ALWAYS starts at a free 3' OH group!

Unwinds the double helix into two single strands (leading & lagging strands), which act like two templates by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases 

DNA Polymerase can extend chains but cannot start them (doesn't know where to start). The primer is the starting point ((a short chain of nucleotides that binds to the template)

DNA Primase binds to template strand and snythesizes RNA Primer (for DNA Polymerase)

Relaxes helix and reduces torsion, that helicase can unwind the helix easily

Repares and connects DNA fragments 

Keeps the single DNA strands stable and separate from each other after the helicase undwinded the helix. DNA Polymerase can access the right sequences better 

Is a protein fold which binds to the DNA Polymerase and stabilizes it and also prevents it from dissociating

Protein-protein interaction is stronger than polymerase directly with the template. 

Sliding clamp can increase the rate of DNA synthesis by a 1000-fold 

They grew DNA in heavy nitrogen, which makes DNA heavy. Through centrifugation of the DNA the heavy DNA was separated from light DNA. The DNA grew in a light isotope of nitrogen for a generation and the DNA had intermediate density. Two more generations were replicated from this one and the results show, that the semiconservative replication is right. Helix is unwinded and both template strands are "copied".

ON PAPER!