Airframe & Systems Interne Prüfungen 2
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Lernkarten
How do cabin pressure and atmospheric pressure change under normal condition during climb after take-off with an aeroplane equiped with a pressurised cabin?
Please consider also the rate of change.
Both decrease, but cabin pressure decreases more slowly than atmospheric pressure.
Define "cabin differential pressure"
cabin pressure minus ambient pressure.
Primary flight controls:
List all the controls wich are primary flight controls according to CS25 (large transport aeroplanes)!
- aileron
- rudder
- elevator
- roll spoiler
What is the task of the fan-air-pre-cooler in a bleed air powered pneumatic system of a turbine engine driven aeroplane?
It is to decrease compressor bleed air temperature before it is distributed and used in the pneumatic system
For a flap system, outline the "load limiting protection"
It protects the flaps from excessive airload by retracting the flaps automatically at a certain flight speed.
What are the advantages of a Fly-by-wire (FBW) system in comparison with a conventional flight control system?
- lower weight
- lower pilots workload
- flight envelope protection
What are the possible air sources for the pneumatic system of a turbine engine driven aeroplane?
- main engine (compressor) bleed air
- APU (compressor) bleed air
- ground supply
- engine driven or electric motor driven compressor (e.g. 787)
What are the components of a Fly-by-wire (FBW) system?
- control stick or column
- electrical signalling system
- flight control computer
- actuator und control surface
Name all indications of the cabin pressurization system of a jet transport aeroplane!
1) Cabin altimeter / Cabin altitude
2) Cabin differential pressure
3) Cabin vertical speed
4) Outflow Valve position
5) Pressurisation System Mode indication (e.g. Auto or Manual)
Name all warnings of the cabin pressurization system of a jet transport aeroplane!
1) Cabin altitude warning
2) Cabin differential pressure warning
Consider a large transport aeroplane with a pressurized cabin.
Is there a warning if the pressure inside the cabin gets too low?
If there is a warning, please describe it.
aural Cabin altitude warning
warning is triggered if cabin altitude exceeds 10000 ft
What is the pilots action if the cabin altitude rises (slowly) above 10000ft?
- analyse the situation,
- options are:
- check automatic cabin pressure controller
- Close outflow valve manually
- reduce flight altitude
Which are the tasks of the airconditioning system of a large transport aeroplane?
- Provide a normal temperature range in the cabin
- Deliver a sufficient amount of clean air into the cabin
- (Usually in a conventional aeroplane configuration: Keeping the humidity low.
- But for some aeroplanes or cabin sections: Keeping the humidity in a comfortable range)
The bleed air of a gas turbine engine is on a large aeroplane usually used for...
- anti-icing
- engine air starter
- hydraulic reservoir pressurisation
- air driven hydraulic pumps
- pressurisation and air- conditioning
(state 4 to get 2 points)
List the elements of the pneumatic system of a turbine engine driven aeroplane which uses engine bleed air for the system
- engine bleed valve
- pressure regulating valve
- fan air pre-cooler
- pneumatic ducts
- isolation valve
- temperature sensors
- pressure sensors
What is the basic principle of cabin temperature control of a jet transport aeroplane?
Cold air and hot air from the air conditioning system is mixed.
In a flight deck of a turbine powered aeroplane (e.g. B737), which elements are usually available to control and monitor the bleed air supply system?
- bleed air switches
- isolation valve switch
- pneumatic duct pressure indicator
- hight duct temperature warning
What is a trim air system of a large aeroplane with a pressurised cabin (like B737 or A320)?
- The trim air system is part of the air conditioning system and allows
- individual temperature control for the different cabin zones / compartments
Are there any protections to avoid structural overload in case of a malfunction of missmanagement of the pressurisation system of a large transport aeroplane.
Yes,
- excessive differential pressure relief valve
- negative differential pressure relief valve
In a bootstrap air conditioning system the air temperature in front of the water separator is...
slightly above 0°C
What is the task of the pack cooling fan?
The pack cooling fan provides cooling air for the heat exchangers of the air conditioning pack if there is not enough ram air for sufficient cooling (e.g. during operation on ground).
How does the hot air of the anti-ice system enter the leading edge slats?
By perforated pneumatic ducts
How can a pilot (flight-deck-based) detect in-flight icing at a jet transport aeroplane if no electronic ice detector is installed?
(Give two examples)
- Visual ice detector between the two front windshields
- Axes of the windshield wipers
For fan-jet engine driven aroplanes what are the typical anti-ice system cockpit indications and controls?
- Wing and engine anti-ice switches
- Wing and engine anti-ice valve lights
How is the pressure inside the cabin (of a large aeroplane with a pressurised cabin) expressed or indicated?
The pressure is expressed as "cabin pressure altitude" i.e. an altitude expressed in ft and related to the 1013 hPa level.
Describe the operation principle of an anti-ice system of a jet transport aeroplane.
When has it to be used?
Where does it usually provide protection?
This system...
-avoids ice formation on certain aeroplane locations, especially at stagnation points .
-should be switched on before ice accumulates when the aeroplane is operated in icing conditions.
-can serve as de-ice system.
-can be automatically activated by the use of ice detectors if the aeroplane picks up ice.
(3 points, if 3 of this four informations are stated)
What is the working principle of an electronic cabin pressure controller?
The controller regulates automatically...
- ground pressurisation
- cabin rate of climb and descent
- cabin pressure altitude according to positive differential pressure
Maximum operating altitude is determined by the...
maximum cabin differential pressure
What kind of control system needs an artificial feel system?
fully powered control system
When is the hot air wing-anti ice system used?
- in icing conditions,
- it is activated prior to ice accumulation
- it is used only in flight
The method to detect ice during flight on the aeroplane with the help of an electromechanical system is to detect...
the change in detector oscillation (resonance) frequency
What are the fuel system indications usually provided in the flight deck of a large transport aeroplane?
- Electrical fuel quantity indication
- Fuel Flow indication
- Fuel temperature indication
- Fuel valve position indication
- Fuel filter bypass warning (light)
- Low (boost pump) pressure warning (light)
What kind of pumps are usually used on transport aircraft as tank pumps (boost pumps) of the fuel system?
low pressure pumps / centrifugal pumps
How is the wing tank ventilation of a large aeroplanes arranged and what is the function of this type of ventilation?
- Ram air is picked up for ventilation.
- The ram air is guided through a surge and vent tank at the wing tips and vent lines into the tank.
- Ventilation avoids an excessive build up of positive or negative pressure inside the fuel tank.
- The use of ram air helps to avoid vapour build up at high altitudes.
What is the reason of flight deck window heating?
It is
- to provide (better) elasticity (2)
- to avoid ice formation and fogging. (2)
If the fire warning of an engine indicates an engine fire, what is the pilots action for fire extinguishing and what is the resulting extinguishing system configuration/action?
- The pilot will push the respective fire extinguishing button (e.g. A320) or will pull the respective fire handle (e.g. B737).
- Due to this the extinguishing is prepared (e.g. closure of engine fuel valves) and the extinguishing bottle is armed.
Describe an engine fire warning
Warning =
bell +
individual engine fire warning light
How many extinguishers must be provided for the main engines and the APU and other combustors by the fire extinguishing system of a large aeroplane (CS25)?
- The extinguishing system
- must provide one single-shot system for APU, burning heaters, and other combustion equipment.
- must provide two adequate dischargers for any main engine installation.
Describe an engine fire extinguishing process:
Step one:
pilot prepares extinguishing by arming the system (push fire extinguishing button or pull extinguishing handle)
Step two:
release extinguishing agent (by pushing the discharge switch or turning the handle)
(two steps, 2 points)
What will happen if the maximum pressure of the fixed installed oxygen bottle is exceeded?
oxygen is discharged overboard
