Airframe & Systems Interne Prüfungen 2

• ground pressurisation
• cabin rate of climb and descent
• cabin pressure altitude according to positive differential pressure

maximum cabin differential pressure

fully powered control system

• in icing conditions,
• it is activated prior to ice accumulation
• it is used only in flight

the change in detector oscillation (resonance) frequency

• Electrical fuel quantity indication
• Fuel Flow indication
• Fuel temperature indication
• Fuel valve position indication 
• Fuel filter bypass warning (light)
• Low (boost pump) pressure warning (light)

low pressure pumps / centrifugal pumps

• Ram air is picked up for ventilation.
• The ram air is guided through a surge and vent tank at the wing tips and vent lines into the tank.
• Ventilation avoids an excessive build up of positive or negative pressure inside the fuel tank.
• The use of ram air helps to avoid vapour build up at high altitudes.

It is 

• to provide (better) elasticity (2)
• to avoid ice formation and fogging. (2)

• The pilot will push the respective fire extinguishing button (e.g. A320) or will pull the respective fire handle (e.g. B737).
• Due to this the extinguishing is prepared (e.g. closure of engine fuel valves) and the extinguishing bottle is armed.

Warning =

bell +

individual engine fire warning light

• The extinguishing system 
  • must provide one single-shot system for APU, burning heaters, and other combustion equipment.
  • must provide two adequate dischargers for any main engine installation.

Step one:
pilot prepares extinguishing by arming the system (push fire extinguishing button or pull extinguishing handle)

Step two:
release extinguishing agent (by pushing the discharge switch or turning the handle)

(two steps, 2 points)

oxygen is discharged overboard

When this mode is selected, the mask provides

oxygen mixed with ambient air,

and only when inhaling.

normal (diltuter-demand) (1)

100% Oxygen (1)

emergency (100% Oxygen, constant flow) (2)

The generator starts if the mask is pulled.

In the generator a burning process generates oxygen for passenger use.

Once initiated, the process cannot be interrupted.

• The passenger oxygen masks are provided by releasing (drop down)
• if the cabin pressure altitude exceeds the limit or when the system is activated by the respective switch in the flight deck.
• The system is "armed" by releasing the passenger oxygen masks.
• The oxygen supply is initiated by pulling one of the generator's oxygen masks.

• during approach, in-flight prior to landing: speed brake lever in ARMED position
• after touch down, extension : load on landing gear shock strut (compression) and wheel spin up
• for retraction: speed brake lever in DOWN position

The door is marked at the outside and has a sign "exit" at the cabin side,

door handles are at the cabin side and at the outside,

as a large door at a hight of more than 6 ft, it is equipped with a slide,

the slide is automatically inflated when opened in "flight"-mode

slide inflation is arranged by the help of nitrogen expanding from a self contained slide inflation bottle.

The accumulator of the hydraulic system is used...

for damping pressure surges (peaks) in the system.


as a storage of engergy, i.e. it provides the ability to drive a unit one time or several times even if the pumps do not work or it helps if a lot of working units have to be driven at the same time.

• primary heat exchanger 
• compressor 
• secondary heat exchanger 
• turbine

• Steady airflow into the cabin
• pressure regulation by variation of airflow leaving the cabin.

• the air conditioning packs which are supplied 
• by main engine compressor bleed air

... bleed air from the engines

higher than ambient pressure

The increase in cabin pressure is expressed as cabin rate of descent.

Both decrease, but cabin pressure decreases more slowly than atmospheric pressure.

cabin pressure minus ambient pressure.

 

• aileron
• rudder
• elevator
• roll spoiler
   

It is to decrease compressor bleed air temperature before it is distributed and used in the pneumatic system

It protects the flaps from excessive airload by retracting the flaps automatically at a certain flight speed.

• lower weight
• lower pilots workload
• flight envelope protection

• main engine (compressor) bleed air
• APU (compressor) bleed air
• ground supply
• engine driven or electric motor driven compressor (e.g. 787)

• control stick or column
• electrical signalling system
• flight control computer
• actuator und control surface 
   

1) Cabin altimeter / Cabin altitude
2) Cabin differential pressure
3) Cabin vertical speed
4) Outflow Valve position
5) Pressurisation System Mode indication (e.g. Auto or Manual)
 

1) Cabin altitude warning
2) Cabin differential pressure warning

 

aural Cabin altitude warning

warning is triggered if cabin altitude exceeds 10000 ft

• analyse the situation, 
• options are:
  • check automatic cabin pressure controller 
  • Close outflow valve manually 
  • reduce flight altitude