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1. All tasks regulated by general rules
2. Specificaiton of jobs with detailed rights, obligations, responsibilities, scope of authority
3. Firmly ordered system of super- and subordination (office hierarchy)
4. Extensive use of written documents ("the files")
5. Impersonality of administration
6. Recruitment of officials based on qualifications
7. Pre-defined career path (pre-defined levels of salary)
8. Contractual appointment (vs. election) ot officials to the office

→ objectivity, impersonality and predictability (= rationality)

→ high degree of efficiency due to "machine-like nature"

Dehumanization of Bureaucrats

1. Top ot the hierarchy is not strictly bureaucratic
2. Bureaucracy should be headed by charismatic authority
3. Creativity and initative can only come from the top

• Specialised administrative knowledge
• Task-related allocation of resources
• Protection against arbitrary acts
• Reliability of administration
• Stability

• "Housing of Enslavement" / "Cage of Bondage" (Gehäuse der Hörigkeit)
• Domination of the administrative apparatus
• Difficulty of control
• Bureaucrats lack creativity and personal responsibility
• Work devoid of any emotional involvment
• Equal treatment characterized by formality and indifference

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• First comprehensive description of bureaucracy
• Integration into a general social theory
• Starting point of organizational research