MMM, Biomaterials I

MMM (2) , Biomaterials I

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Rossella Sala

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Cartes-fiches	13
Langue	English
Catégorie	Technique
Niveau	Université
Crée / Actualisé	09.01.2019 / 09.01.2019
Lien de web	https://card2brain.ch/box/20190109_mmm_biomaterials_i
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Biomaterials Definition

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a non-viable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems
a substance (other than a drug) or combination of substances, synthetic or natural in origin, used to treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body

Requirements: compatibility

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tissue reactions
change in properties
- mechanical
- physical
- chemical
degradation leads to
- local deletorious change
- harmful effects

requirements: mechanical properties

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elasticity
yield stress
ductility
toughness
creep
ultimate strength
hardness
wear resistance

requirements: manufacturing

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fabrication methods
quality of raw materials
superior techniques to obtain excellent surface finish or texture
capability of material to get safe and efficient sterilization
cost of product

properties of implant metals

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shiny, opaque, heavy, ductile, thermal and electrically conductive
closely packed atoms in lattices
improved strength and corrosion resistance when alloyed
strength is determined by how easy dislocation propagates

ceramics

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ionically bound atoms
electrically/thermically insulating, strong, hard, brittle
corrosion and wear resistant
alternating charge of ionic structure --> no slip dislocation

polymers

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largest range of properties
flexible, tough, degradable, biocompatible, inert, transparent
low friction
covalent bonds

biomedical polymers, distribution

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43% polymers

30% metals

18% compositions

6% naturals

3% ceramics

polyethylene

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most widely produced

UHMWPE

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ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

3 mega Da
high wear resistance, entanglements of long polymer strands
non-reactive side groups
slippery, waxy, water-repellent surface

poly methyl methacrylate

high retractive index, easily processed

environmentally stable, relatively inert

good mechanical properties

polytetrafluoroethylene

do not bind to other molecules than their own

polysiloxanes

elastomers, sealants, coatings --> brest implants, drug delivery

high oxygen permeability

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MMM, Biomaterials I

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