Microbiology Antomicrobials
UMED wroclaw
UMED wroclaw
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Flashcards
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, usefull against streptococci
Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin)
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, streptococci
Cloxacillin
Anti-staphylococcal
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, better against Staphylococci
Flucloxacillin
Anti-staphylococcal
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, better against Staphylococci
Methicillin
Anti-staphylococcal
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, better against Staphylococci
Oxacillin
Anti-staphylococcal
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, better against Staphylococci
Ampicillin
Aminopenicillins
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: Bread sprectrum, GP cocci & some GN rods
Amoxicillin
Aminopenicillins
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: Bread sprectrum, GP cocci & some GN rods
Ureidopenicillin
-Azlocillin
-Mezlocillin
-Piperacillin
Antipseudomonal
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: Pseudomonas
Carboxypenicillin
-Ticarcillin
-carbenicillin
Antipseudomonal
Group: Penicillin
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: Pseudomonas
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
Generation 1
Group: Cephalosporins
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, little activity against GN
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Generation 2
Group: Cephalosporins
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GN, little activity against GP
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefoperazone
Cefracidin
Generation 3
Group: Cephalosporins
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GN, resistant to ß-lactamases, variable to GP
Cefepime
Cefpirome
Generation 4
Group: Cephalosporins
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GN & GP, enhanced resistance against ß-lactamases
Ceftaroline
Generation 5
Group: Cephalosporins
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GN, GP & MRSA
Aztreonam
Group: Monobactams
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: aerobic GN, pseudomonas and other non-fermentative rods except stenothrophomonas maltophilia
Imipenem
Group: Carbapenems
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN -> broad sprectrum
Meropenem
Group: Carbapenems
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN -> broad sprectrum
Ertapenem
Group: Carbapenems
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN -> broad sprectrum
Doripenem
Group: Carbapenems
General mechanism: Bind to PEP -> stops formation of peptide cross links in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN -> broad sprectrum
Bacitracin
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
General mechanism: Polypeptide antibiotic, tropical medication, inhibits dephosphorylation and recycling of lipid carrier
Spectrum of activity: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes -> treatment of skin infections
Vancomycin
inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
Group: Glycopeptides
General mechanism: Inhibits glycopeptide bond in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP
Teicoplanin
inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
Group: Glycopeptides
General mechanism: Inhibits glycopeptide bond in peptidoglycan
Spectrum of activity: GP
Polymyxin B & E (colistin)
Cytoplasmic membrane disruption
General mechanism: cyclic polypeptide antibiotic, interact with outer membrane, very toxic
Spectrum of activity: Severe GN rod, & MDR infections, lmited use in superficial infections
Daptomycin
Cytoplasmic membrane disruption
General mechanism: Lipopeptide antibiotic, depolarizes bacterium
Spectrum of activity: GP, used in skin and soft tissue infections
Sulphonamides
competitive antagonistic antibiotic
Group: Antimetabolites
General mechanism: Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: broad range of GP and GN
Isoniazid
competitive antagonistic antibiotic
Group: Antimetabolites
General mechanism: Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: broad range of GP and GN
Trimethoprim
competitive antagonistic antibiotic
Group: Antimetabolites
General mechanism: Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: broad range of GP and GN
Rifampin
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: no mRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase
Spectrum of activity: some GN & GP (tuberculosis, leprae, Legionella pneumophila), prophylaxis in meningococcal meningitis
Nalidic acid
Generation 1
Interference with DNA synthesis
Group: Fluoroquinolenes
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GN, UTI
Ciprofloxacin
Generation 2
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GN & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, some atypical (UTI,STD, skin & soft tissue infections, GITI)
Norfloxacin
Generation 2
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GN & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, some atypical (UTI,STD, skin & soft tissue infections, GITI)
Ofloxacin
Generation 2
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GN & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, some atypical (UTI,STD, skin & soft tissue infections, GITI)
Levofloxacin
Generation 3
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN, atypical (RTI; GITI)
Gastifloxacin
Generation 3
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN, atypical (RTI; GITI)
Moxifloxacin
Generation 3
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN, atypical (RTI; GITI)
Trovafloxacin
Generation 4
Interference with DNA synthesis
General mechanism: synthetic, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Spectrum of activity: GP, GN, atypical & anaerobes
Metronidazole
Interference with DNA synthesis
Group: Nitroimidazoles
General mechanism: Puts nicks in microbial DNA
Spectrum of activity: anaerobes & some parasites
Fidaxomicin
Interference with DNA synthesis
Group: MAcrocyclic antibiotics
General mechanism: binds bacterial RNA polymerase, minimally absorbed into blood
Spectrum of activity: GP, especially C. difficile
Tetracycline
Inhibition of protein synthesis, alteration of ribosomes & translation, bactericidal or static. depending on dosis
Group: Tetracyclines
General mechanism: resistance is common, bacteriostatic
Spectrum of activity: GP & GN
Treat: atypical pneumonia, syphilis, brucellosis, borrelliosis
