TOEFL 1
TOEFL Kapitel 1
TOEFL Kapitel 1
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Cartes-fiches
To leave; to give up
abandon (To save their lives, the sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.)
In a harmful way; negatively
adversely (Excessive rainfall early in the spring can adversely affect the planting of crops.)
Gathered into or amounting to a whole
aggregate (It is impossible to judge last year’s performance without knowing the aggregate sales numbers)
Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes
cultivation (With the development of land cultivation, hunters and gatherers were able to settle in one place.)
To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful substances to the soil
fertilize (This farm fertilizes tomatoes more than any other crop.)
To increase in power; to act with increased strength
intensify (Jacob’s long absence intensified his certainty that he should marry Rose.)
The supplying of water to dry land
irrigation n (In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farmland for irrigation.)
To gain possession of; to get
obtain (After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job.)
The process by which green plants make their own food by combining water, salts, and carbon dioxide in the presence of light.
photosynthesis (Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis.)
Water that falls to the Earth’s surface
precipitation (In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich, green plant life)
To change; to get accustomed to something
adjust (Travelers are advised to adjust their watches before arriving in the new time zone.)
Chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific reason
arbitrary (The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was arbitrary, without any thought to future housing patterns.)
The number written below the line in a fraction
denominator (In the fraction 1 ⁄2, the number 2 is the denominator.)
At a very fast rate
exponentially (In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased exponentially in the last several decades)
Immeasurably small
infinitesimal (The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the water was safe to drink)
To increase or make as great as possible
maximize (A coach helps each athlete maximize his or her potential.)
Being an equal distance apart everywhere
parallel (The street where I live runs parallel to the main road through town.)
A part in relation to the whole
proportion (The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday answering e-mails.)
The cost per unit of a good or service; the motion or change that happens in a certain time.
rate (Postal rates in Japan are among the highest in the world.) (24 Science Some grasses grow at the rate of one inch per day)
To organize or arrange in succession
sequence (Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the boxes)
Precision; exactness
accuracy (The research department checks all our articles for accuracy of facts before we print them)
Next to
adjacent (Even though the villages are adjacent to each other, their residents speak different languages)
To press together
compress (To make the foundation stronger, they compressed the soil before pouring the concrete)
Practically; in a way that can work
feasibly (Scientists can’t feasibly bring energy from deep ocean currents to where it is needed—on land.)
To empty or hollow out
gut (In order to remodel the house, we must first gut it and throw away all the old fixtures)
In a whole or complete manner
integrally (Writing and spelling are taught integrally as part of the reading program)
To lie over part of something; to have elements in common
overlap (One of the two assistants will likely get fired, since most of their duties in the office overlap.)
To keep or hold
retain (The rain fell so heavily that the banks of the river could not retain all the water.)
To pass slowly for a long time, as a liquid or gas might
seep (As the containers rusted, the toxic waste seeped into the ground)
Something constructed, such as a building
structure (Most companies have a social structure that can’t be understood by outsiders.)
To move throughout an area or group; to move along a somewhat circular route
circulate (The gossip circulated quickly through the small town.) (Blood circulates more quickly during physical exercise)
To be slowly weakened by chemical reactions
corrode (Sitting in salt water, the old coins corroded and became very easy to break.)
To come from, usually through a long, slow process
derive (The Cyrillic alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet.)
Discovering something that cannot easily be found
detection (With new medical technology, the detection of cancer is much easier nowadays.)
Quickly and efficiently
expeditiously (Using carrier pigeons, the military commanders exchanged messages expeditiously.)
To make use of; to carry out
implement (Not until after the new software was installed could we implement the new filing system)
Ahead of the times; novel
innovative (The innovative use of props and lighting drew many favorable comments.)
Setting something into position for use
installation (Installation of the new software takes only four minutes)
The act of keeping something in good condition
maintenance (The only problem with living in such a big house is that it requires a lot of maintenance.)
An imitation or representation
simulation (To test car safety, automobile makers study crash simulations.)
