Chemistry Final Part 2
2nd semester (1st year)
2nd semester (1st year)
Kartei Details
| Karten | 72 |
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| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Chemie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 11.05.2017 / 16.01.2024 |
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In what groups can the sugar part of O-glycoproteins be divided into:
Monosaccharide, disaccharide, triasaccharide or tetrasaccharides
In what groups can heteroglycans be divided into:
Glucosaminoglycans, glycans of glycoproteins, or glycans of glycolipids
Where can GAGs be found in the human body:
Intracellular spaces connective tissue, skin, cartilage and blood vessels.
Together with elastic fibers are embedded in a gel-like extracellular matrix.
Heparin is an exception occurs on the interior of the cells
Write down the properties of GAGs:
Negatively charged and acidic due to presence of either a sulfate group or a carboxylate group.
Solutions of GAGs are called colloids slimy, mucus like consistency due to the high viscosity and elasticity
In what way can gags be linked to other substances? Give example of this:
Glycosidic-bonds: GAGs-Proteins called proteoglycans
Give some examples of GAGs:
Hyaluronic acid, Heparin, Heparan sulfate, Dermatan sulfate, Keratan, and Chondritin A, C
What is Heparin and why is it different from other GAGs?
Not constituent of connective tissue.
Non-structural role
Synthesized and stored in the intracellular granules of mast cells of the arterial walls, lungs, and skin.
What is the function of Heparin:
Body’s natural anticoagulant, and prevents clotting of blood and is released.
Place of collage occurence:
Extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Mostly found in fibrous tissue, such as tendons, ligaments, and skin.
Structure of tropocollagen
Helical structure consisting of three polypeptide chains coiled around each other to form a spiral and stabilized by interchain bonds.
Forces maintaining the three-dimensional structure of collagen
Cross linkage:
Joining 2 or more collagen chains together at the end of polypeptide chain. Interchain linkage: Linking collagen together to make them less elastic and more stable.
Forces maintaining the three-dimensional tertiary structure of globular protein:
Hydrophobic forces, disulphide bonds and salt bridges
Give the normal concentration of glucose in human blood:
80-100 mg/dl
Write a complex structure, which is composed from glycerol, phosphate, choline and 2 molecules of fatty acids. Name chemical bonding between the glycerol and phosphate. Mark hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts:
Lecithin, ester bond, fatty acid hydrophobic (non-polar) Ester-bond
Explain what a glucosaminoglycans (GAG) is and how many dissacharide units makes up the molecule. Also write down its approximate molecular weight:
A GAG is a nagatively charged, large polymer of repeating disaccharide units.
250-25.000 units
20-1000 kDa
Sign the correct answer:
Define the prosthetic group in the listed conjugated proteins:
(a)Lipoproteins
(b)Glycoproteins
(c)Nucleoproteins
(d)Heme proteins
(e)Metalloproteins
(a)Lipids
(b)Carbohydrates
(c)Nucleic acid
(d)Heme group
(e)Iron, calcium
Fill up the empty spaces in the following sentences:
- (a)Denaturation does not effect the structer of proteins
- (b)Dialysis is routinely used in the lab to remove excess of after resuspension
- (c)High-molecular weight proteins constituents of plasma exert ”colloid osmotic pressure” called also pressure
(a)primary
(b)ions
(c)oncotic
Select the true sentences for glycosides:
Some of the main properties of sialic acid (SA) are:
List the vitamins soluble in lipids:
A,D,K,E
Are omega 3 and 6 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids:
Unsaturated
Are they essential or non-essential
Essential
Cholesterol is the constituent of:
HDL (lipoproteins) sign the correct answer:
What is agar:
Homopolymere of galactose and is frequently sulphated
Derives from marine plants ex. Algae
Contains like starch amylose and amylopectine
How can saccharides be divided according to their size:
Divided into 4 functional groups according to their molecular size.
From biggest to smallest:1. Polysaccharide 2. Oligosaccharide 3. Disaccharides 4.Monosaccharides
Which saccharides can be hydrolyzed to form simpler saccharides:
Polysaccharides and dissacharides
Why is some people milk intolerant:
People lack a enzyme called lactase that is needed to breakdown lactose into glucose and galactose.
In what groups can polysaccharide glycans be divided into:
Divided into homoglycans and heteroglycans.
Homoglycans can be further divided branched and un-branched homoglycans.
Branched: Glucans and galactans
Un-branched: Glucans, galactans and fructans
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