Genetik 2_proteins and their synthesis

An enzyme that attaches an AS to a tRNA before its use in translation. There are 20 different aminoacyl-tRNAs, one for each AS.

The end of a protein having a free amino group. A protein is synthesized from the amino end at the 5' end of a mRNA to the carboxyl end near the 3' end of the mRNA during translation.

A nucleotide triplet in a tRNA molecule that aligns with a particular codon in mRNA under the influence of the ribosome, the AS carried by the tRNA is inserted into a growing protein chain.

A site in the ribosome that bind incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs. The anticodon of each incoming aminoacyl-tRNA matches the codon of the mRNA. Also called the A site.

The end of a protein having a free carboxyl group. The carboxyl group end is encoded by the 3' end of the mRNA and is the last part of the protein to be synthesized in translation.

A transfer RNA molecule with an AS attached to its 3' end. Also called aminoacyl-tRNA.

A section of RNA (3 nucleotides in length) that encodes a single AS.

The region in the small ribosomal subunit where the decision is made whether an aminoacyl-tRNA can bind in the A site. This decision is based on complementarity between the anticodon of the tRNA and the codon of the mRNA.

A genetic code in which some AS may be encoded by more than one codon each.

A region of a protein associated with a particular function. Some proteins contains more than one domain.

exit site, The site on the ribosome where the deacylated tRNA can be found.

A protein with a linear shape such as the components of hair and muscle.

A protein with a compact structure, such as an enzyme or an antibody.

A protein required for the correct initiation of translation.

A special tRNA that inserts the first AS of a polypeptide chain into the ribosomal P site at the start of translation. The AS carried by the initiator in bacteria is N-formylmethionine.

The entire set of molecular interactions within cells, including in particular protein-protein interactions.

related by different proteins. They can be generated by alternative splicing of a gene.

NLS. Part of a protein required for its transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

The site in the large ribosomal subunit at which the joining of 2 AS is catalysed.

A chain of linked AS, a protein.

The sequence of AS in the polypeptide chain.

A feature of certain transposable elements that facilitates their insertion into regions of the genome where they are not likely to insert into a gene causing mutations.

peptidyl (P) site. The site in the ribosome to which a tRNA with the growing polypeptide is bound.

The multimeric constitution of a protein

A protein that binds to the A site of the ribosome when a stop codon is in the mRNA.

A spiral or zigzag arrangement of polypeptide chain.

A short sequence in bacterial RNA that precedes the initiation AUG codon and serves to correctly position this codon in the P site of the ribosome pairing with the 3' end of the 16S RNA in the 30S ribosomal subunit.

The amino terminal sequence of a secreted protein, it is required for the transport of the protein through the cell membrane.

The use of basic information about cellular processes and machinery to develop drugs

A single polypeptide in a protein containing multiple polypeptides.

The folding or coiling of the secondary structure to form a gloubular molecule.

Three nucleotide pairs that compose a codon.

A protein that, when attached as a multicopy chain to another protein, targets that protein for degradation by a protease called the 26S proteasome. The addition of single ubiquitin residues to a protein can change protein-protein interactions, as in the case of PCNA and bypass polymerases.

The process of adding ubiquitin chains to a protein targeted for degradation.

The ability of certain bases at the third position of an anticodon in tRNA to form hydrogen bonds in various ways, causing alignment with several different possible codons.