Urban Design Tools

Spanischbrötlibahn connected 1847 zurich to baden

starting point of the rise of zurich

alfred escher pushed the industrialization

1893 the city was extended over formerly independent municipalities

1934 another round of eingemeindungen

switzerland appeared later as one urban fabric

1969 national law on spatial planning

horizontal and vertical synchronization

Metropolitanraumkonferenz Zürich

Gruppe Krokodil

ETH Studio Basel

Glatttal fostered public dialog

ABB

former industrial now living and working

1865 railway from zurich to south germany opened

perfect location for MFO

1934 oerlikon became part of zurich

1980 the international companies decided to leave oerlikon

1988 the planning process started and within 15 y oerlikon was built

nowadays it is critisized for not being urban and dense enough

Letten Viaduct

2003 SBB planned to renovate

new popularity of the area after clearing the drug scene

residents feared it could become a schickimicki meile

viaduktbögen

richard floridas the rise of the creative class 2002

from the colonial compact city to the modern outspread one

this phenomenon was influenced by the motor vehicle culture of the North American Cities

from the rigid spanish grid to an organic chaotic city (oil, architecture, etc)

Expansion to the east encouraged by car culture

new isolated houses

oil prosperity lead to traffic problems

Robert Moses 1948 proposal for main arteries in the city

other forms of transportation have been neglected

Barrios

inventive power

model for housing development and self regulation

informal urbanization is a complex adaptive system

growing house made out of concrete frame and then filled with the cheapest bricks

informal sector is gaining terrain

increasingly adopted by the formal part of caracas

Metro Cable in San Augustin

not only connection also creates hubs for social services and community

formal infrastructure into the informal city

bottom up processes through social initiatives in accessability

Governments proposal was road network

is connected to metro system of caracas

Ciudad Futura

Basin of Mexico City

Aztecs Tenochtitlan

Control of the overflow with dams

Chinampas (Artificial islands)

1521 1 million inhabitants

Nochistongo Cutting (Digging artificial exits for the water)

20% no guaranteed access to water

Project proposes rehydration

Public transport from federal district and of greater metropolitan areat

Metrobus is private-public

peseros (collective buses) managed by companies or individuals

used by 55% of passengers

2005 new transport system metrobus

exclusive lane

1950s huge urbanization

first: slum clearance and renewal initiative

social housing block was established betw. 1940 and 70

Miguel Aleman built by Mario Pani

vecindades (neighborhoods with vertical height)

1985 earthquake that led to limitation of height

2000 vicente fox mexican president promised to build 2m houses

Polykatoikia

1930 until now

important building laws were published 1929, 1955, 1985

major development at the coastal zone

sites around the edhe of Athens

Led to major decentralization of the Olympic sites

drawing attention to the suburbs

Impacts of Olympics: momentum and rearrangement of the urban fabric

Small Scale Change

Problem is fragmentation of public space, collapse of street life

user-generated architectural solutions

Self managed park 2009

empty buildings and newly opened lots

financial crisis led to urban decay, homelessness and drug problems

New ideas of capitalism and rediscovered value of religion

urbicide

extinction of old identities

citymaking process

diverse actors which influenced the picture of the city

new ethnic and religious identities materialized

glitzy-corporate and folk nationalist architecture called turbo architecture

Open space was highly dangerous

became big village

comparable to the rust belt in the USA

Nature came back into the city

adaptive potential

Hyper urbanisation since 1960 informality became alternative to housing pressure

after the war 90 missing regulations and lack of qualitative material

1923 Native Urban Areas Act (Separation of Black and White)

1934 Slums Act (Hygiene was argument for evacuations)

1948 Reunited National Party won, Daniel Malan as Prime Minister

Nationalists were dissatisfied economically after WWII -> Apartheid

until 1994 

After 1994 more integrative

Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP)

Free Housing Units

2004 National Department of Housing established

Breaking New Ground (BNG)

More Individual

N2 Gateway was ambitious housing macro-scale program but failed

2008 National Upgrading Support Program (NUSP)

Empower Shack directed by Urban ThinkTank

1811 commissioners plan horizontal plan

1916 Zoning Plan: Typologie

Seagram Building leads to 1961 revision of plan because of private plaza

Shift from manufacturing to Service

Implanting and Refurbishing the existing industrial facilities

Vertical Urban Factory Research Project