TTX – 11
General Tower Theory Chapter 11
General Tower Theory Chapter 11
Kartei Details
| Karten | 16 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Verkehrskunde |
| Stufe | Andere |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 31.01.2016 / 16.01.2023 |
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Define Traffic Information?
Information issued by an air traffic services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air traffic which may be in proximity to the position or intended route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a collision.
What kind of information do aircraft receive from aerodrome control towers?
- essential traffic information (essential local traffic)
- wake turbulence
- flight information service (scope of service)
What's the definition of essential local traffic?
Essential local traffic is controlled traffic to which the provision of separation by ATC is applicable, but which, in relation to a particular controlled flight, is not or will not be separeted therefrom by the appropriate minima.
Essential traffic is any aircraft from which a controlled flight should be separated but which is or will be closer to that aircraft than the prescribed minimum.
What shall essential traffic information include?
- call-sign of the aircraft to which the information is transmitted
- the word(s) TRAFFIC or ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC
- relative position of the conflicting traffic; in terms of the 12-hour-clock, and distance in NM if known (used in conjuction with radar information)
- direction of flight of the relevant traffic
- type of aircraft concerned and wake turbulence category (if relevant)
- relative position above (or below) in feet, of the conflicting traffic or level of the conflicting traffic
What's the definition of essential LOCAL traffic?
Essential local traffic consists of any aircraft, vehicle or personnel on or near the manoeuvring area, or traffic operating in the vicinity of the aerodrome, which may constitute a hazard to the aircraft concerned.
What shall messages containing essential local traffic information include?
- identification
- word(s) TRAFFIC or ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC
- description of traffic in terms that will facilitate recognition, e.g. type, speed category and/or colour of acft, type of vehicle, number of persons etc.
- position of the essential local traffic relative to the aircraft concerned and direction of movement
Define the VMC conditions?
below 100ft:
VIS 5'000 m (above 100ft: 8km), clear of clouds: 1'500 m horizontal and 1'000 ft vertical
What's special about wake turbulence category S?
L not affected by S
S not affected by M
What cautionary messages do exist?
- caution wake turbulence (whenever a lighter aircraft is following a heavier one)
- caution jet blast
- caution rotor downwash
Who specifies procedures to be used for arriving IFR traffic?
Approach, flight crews may request an alternate procedure
What if visual reference to terrain is established before completion of the approach procedure?
Entire procedure must be completed – unless the aircraft requests and is cleared for a visual approach.
"OMEGA RADAR, we have RWY 32 in sight, request visual approach."
What are the conditions for clearances to maintain own separation in VMC?
- class D, E and VMC
- by day
- for arrivals and departures
- at or below A100 during climb or descent (if conditions may become impratical under VMC alternate instructions must be issued prior to entering VMC)
Approach Sequence – Instrumen Approaches; succeeding aircraft shall be cleared?
- when preceeding acft has reported to complete its approach without encountering IMC
- preceeding aircraft is in communication with and sighted by the tower and reasonable assurance exists that a normal landing can be accomplished
- when timed approaches are used, the preceeding aircraft has passed the defined point inbound, and reasonable assurance exists that a normal landing can be accomplished
- radar confirms longitudinal spacing
When are visual approaches for IFR aircraft done?
Requested by flight crew or initiated by ATC subject to flight crew concurrence
What are the conditions for visual IFR approaches?
- reported ceiling is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment for the aircraft so cleared, or
- pilot reports at the level of the initial approach or at any time in the approach procedure that meteorological conditions are such that a visual approach and landing can be completed
- separation between the aircraft on visual approach and other IFR aircraft shall be provided by ATC – unless a succeeding aircraft reports preceeding in sight and it is instructed to maintain own separation
- if a wake turbulence standard is applicable a wake caution shall be issued
What information shall arriving aircraft get?
- type of approach and runway in use
- met information (surface wind, visibility, present weather, cloud below 5'000 ft or below highest minimum sector altitude, air temp, QNH, significant meteorological phenomena)
- runway surface conditions
- change in operational status of visual and non visual aids
