Psychology
Exam 3 Study Guide
Exam 3 Study Guide
Kartei Details
| Karten | 44 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Psychologie |
| Stufe | Grundschule |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 17.11.2014 / 17.11.2014 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/psychology4
|
| Einbinden |
<iframe src="https://card2brain.ch/box/psychology4/embed" width="780" height="150" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
a relatively permantent change in an organisms behavior due to experience
Learning
NS
US
UR
CS
CR
Neutral Stimulus
Uncondidtioned Stimulus
Unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
neutral stimulus
just a general stimulus
unconditioned vs conditioned
unconditioned = unlearned behavior
conditioned = learned behavior
operant conditioning
learning to associate a specific behavior with a specific negative or positive outcome
positive reinforcement vs negative reinforcement
positive = reward
negative = taking away something unpleasant
positive punishment
giving something negative to the culprit (traffic ticket)
neagtive punishment
taking away something pleasant (money)
shaping
guiding behavior by rewarding each step
observational learning
the process of observing / mimicking an observed behavior
social and cognitive learning
the context that you live in has conditioned your habits
three stage memory model
sensory memory
short-term memory/working memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
immediate recording of all sensation
iconic vs echoic
visual vs auditory
short-term memory/working memory
frontal lobe
keeping the topic of convo in memory
affected by stress
KEY: manipulation of information
long term memory
implicit and explicit
implicit long term memory
non-declarative, non-conscious
explicit long term memory
declarative, conscious recollection
encoding
what is needed is immediately transferred to short term / working memory
encoding strategies
chunking
mnmonics
hierarchies
storage
short term storage and long term
spacing effect
better rentention and recall if you use the same amount of study time spread out over may shorter sessions
emotional stamp
emotions trigger adrenaline
triggers release of norepinephrine in amygdala
increases memory forming activity in hippocampus and engages the frontal lobes and basal ganglia to "tag" the memories as important
retrieval
free recall - hardest
cued recall - simple association
recognition - multiple-choice tests
forgetting and memory distortions
incorporating misleading information into the memory of an event
eyewitness testimonies
misinformation effect
repressed memories
motivated forgetting
make consiocus act to bury unpleasant memories
motivated forgetting
choosing to forget or change our memories
problem solving is what
thinking
thinking concepts
trial and error
algorithms
heuristics
insight problem solving
algorythims
step by step procedure
unscrambling letters
heuristics
rule of thumb
top down processing
error prone
fast
insight problem solving
the "AHA" moment
thinking prototypes
wiriting down first thing that comes to mind
good: they let us process info and communicate quickly and efficiently
bad: self centric - lot of assumption based on your own experience
availability bias
using what comes first to your mind to problem solve
theories of language acquisition
behaviorist
nativist
interactionist
neurological
behavioursit theory
association
imitation
reinforcement
nativist theory
language is native
every language has grammar and rules that it follows
interactionist perspective
nature / nurture interact in language development
we are predisposed to learn a language but w assumption that we'll be exposed to it in our childhood
neurological perspective
we have 2 brain regions responsible for language
both in left hemisphere
