Narratology

Discourse time is shorter than story time (e.g. description)

Story time is shorter than discourse time (e.g. recollection, summary)

Discourse time stops, story time continues

Story time stops, discourse time continues

Recounting once what happened once

Recounting several times what happened once

Recounting once what happened an indefinite number of times

Diegetic environment in which character move

Total environment in which objects and characters are situated (nation, city, village and the narrative setting itself)

Spatial environment of any of the story's episodes; more globally, the ensemble of these environements

The narrator's current spatial environment; more globally, the whole range of environment in which the narrative situation is located

Current point in space within the story space (precise place: here, there, left, right)

Current point in space in discourse space, physical position of the narrator

(story-here + discourse-here) + (story-now + discourse-now) = deictic center

Real-life person (authors and readers)

Not a real-life person but the creation of an author; exists only within a fictional text

Variation of "character" or to designate the narrator as "narrative figure"

Transgression of ontological levels of communication (violation of the distinction between story and discourse)

When characterizing agent characterizes himself; often marked by subjective distortions

When characterizing agent characterizes another character

"tag" identifying the agent of a speech act in one of two ways

Discourse tag is in the initial position (John said, ...)

Discourse tag is either in the medial or final position (That's, he said, it. / That's it, he said)

Quoted speech

Untagged direct discourse

Original expression combined with framing discourse (What on earth should she do now?)

Narrator's report of the original expression (Mary wondered what she should do)

Narrator summarizes: a character's words, thoughts , mental states (conscious or unconscious , perceptions

Character's or Narrator's general pattern of thinking, consists of: typical diction, rhetoric and syntax

Characteristic colouring of the narrator's or character's verbal style

Class of words used by the author. May vary among characters and the narrator

The appropriate style of language of a character and his or her sociocultural station

Narrator says too much and betrays that he does not have the knowledge claimed

When a narrator says too little, leaving out important information (e.g. detective novels)