Lab - Forensic Anthropology
Forensic anthropology
Forensic anthropology
Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 64 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Biologie |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 23.11.2015 / 01.05.2016 |
| Lien de web |
https://card2brain.ch/box/lab_forensic_anthropology
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| Intégrer |
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What are forensic anthropologists able to suggest upon examining the bones? (6p)
Sex, ancestry, height, age at time of death, medical history (bone changes through growth, repair, and maturation of the bone), and sometimes cause of death
Define metric traits and describe the tools used to take them (4p)
Metric traits: quantifiable traits; measurable traits
Taken using sliding calipers, spreading calipers, and osteometric boards
Define non-metric traits (1p)
Non-metric traits: purely observational traits
What is an issue with sexing a pre-adolescent skeleton? (1p)
Very little sexual dimorphism, so that sex determination is nearly impossible
State the best bone to estimate sex, and the most prominent way of using this bone to do so (2p)
The pelvis. It is generally wider and larger than that of a male since it is designed to accomodate childbirth
State the second most common bone to estimate sex and how it is used for sex determination (2p)
The skull. It is used comparatively between genders, thus the ability to determine sex from a skull improves with experience
What bones are the last resort for estimating gender when no other bones are present, and why? (1p)
The long bones. There are very few sex-determined characteristics on them
What model is used for ancestry determination and what categories are used in it? (4p)
The three-race model and used, and it classifies by Caucasoid (European), Mongoloid (Asian/Amerindian), and Negroid (African).
State two reasons that ancestry determination is never perfectly precise (2p)
Racial mixing and the fact that the traits to determine ancestry using the skull are non-metric
What four kinds of traits in the skull are used in ancestral determination? (4p)
Lengths, widths, shapes of skull features and population-specific dental traits
What would the difference in femur be between one who displays the Caucasoid trait and one who displays the Negroid trait? (2p)
Caucasoid - fingers can fit under the curvature
Negroid - fingers cannot fit under the curvature
State 6 specific bones used to determine height and name the classification of this set of bones (7p)
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radias. These are all considered long bones
What do MLF and MLT stand for? (2p)
Maximum length of femur (MLT) and maximum length of tibia (MLT)
What is the best bone used in determining one's age at the time of death? (1p)
The pelvis
What particular parts of the pelvis are used in determining age? (4p)
The face of the pubic symphysis and the auricular surface of the ilium.
The extent of suture closure on the skull
The distinction or lack of distinction in the epiphyseal union
What is the shape of the pelvic cavity for females, and what is the shape of that of a male's? (2p)
Female - circular and wide, showing coccyx
Male - heart or v-shaped, showing sacrum and coccyx
Is the upper edge of the eye orbit sharp or blunt for a female? (1p)
Is the shape of the eye orbit round or square in a male? (1p)
How far is the zygomatic process expressed beyond the auditory meatus in a female? (1p)
Not at all beyond the auditory meatus
Is the nuchal crest rough/bumpy or smooth in a female? (1p)
Is the external occipital protuberance generally present or absent in a male? (1p)
Is the frontal bone round and globular or low and slanting in a male?
What is the shape of the mandible for a female, and that for a male? (2p)
Female - rounded and V-shaped
Male - square and U-shaped
Is the ramus of the mandible straight or slanting in a female? (1p)
Define the nasal index and the differences between the three classifications (4p)
Nasal index = width/height
Caucasoid <0.48
Mongoloid 0.48-0.53
Negroid >0.53
Is the nasal spine of a negroid person very small, somewhat prominent, or prominent?
Is the nasal spine of a Caucasoid person very small, somewhat prominent, or prominent?
Is the nasal silling or guttering of a mongoloid person silling (sharp), rounded, or guttering (no ridge)?
Is the prognathism of a Caucasoid person variable, prognathic, or straight?
Is the shape of the orbital openings of a Negroid person rounded (somewhat circular), rounded (somewhat square), or rectangular?
At what minimum age is the pubis bone and ischium almond completely united by bone? (1)
7-8yrs old
At what age is the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones joined together? (1p)
13-14yrs old
At what age do the two lowest segments of the sacral vertebrae become joined together? (1)
18yrs old
At what age do the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones become fully ossified with no evidence of epiphyseal union (indicated by cartiliginous lines)? (1p)
20-25yrs old
At what age are all segments of the sacrum united with no evidence of epiphyseal unions? (1p)
25-30yrs old
At what age does the greater trochanter first appear, and from which bones can you find this development? (2p)
At 4yrs old, the greater trochanter first appears in the femur and tibia
At what age does the lesser trochanter first appear, and from what bones can this be seen? (2p)
At 13-14yrs old, the lesser trochanter can be seen on the femur and tibia
At what age does the head, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter first join the femur shaft? (1p)
18yrs old
At wha age do the condyles join the femur shaft? (1p)
20yrs old
At what age does the lower epiphysis join the shaft and from what bone may this be seen? (2p)
At 18yrs old, the lower epiphysis can be seen joining the shaft of the tibia
