Lab 9 - Appendicular skeleton

The englarded end of the spind of the scapula - it connects with the clavicle. 

It's bead like, and points anteriorly over the tip of the shoulder joint and serves as an attachment point for some of the upper limb muscles. 

It's at the base of the coracoid process and allows nerves to pass. 

Superior, inferior and lateral. The inferior provides a landmark for listening to the lungs. 

A shallow socket on the scapula that recieves the head of the arm bone and is located in the lateral angle. 

Superior, medial and lateral. Several shallow depressons appear on both sides of the scapula and are named according to their location. 

It is exceptionally lights and

- the sternoclavicular joints are the only site where the shoulder girdles attach to the axial skeleton

- the relative looseness of the scapular atachment allows it to slide back and forth against the thorax with musclar activity

- the glenoid cavity is shallow and does little to stabalize the shoulder joint. 

The arm - or brachium is made of a single typical long bone called the HUMMERUS. 

Promixmally the founded head fits into the shallw glenoid cavity of the scapula. The head is separated from the shaft by the anatomical neck and by the more constricted surgical neck, which is a common site of fracture. 

two prominences seperated by a groove (the intertubercular sulces, or bicpital groove) that guides the tendon of the biceps muscle to its point of attachment (the superior rim of the glenoid cavity). 

About midway down the lateral aspect of the shaft it is a rough headed area where the large fleshy shoulder muscle, the deltoid, attaches. 

It decends obliquely from the deltoid tuberosity and indicates the pathway of the radial nerve. 

Two condyles at the distal end of the humerus that look like a spoll. They articulate with the ulna, and the lateral capitulum articulates with the radius of the forearm. They are flanked medially by the medial epicondyle and laterally by the lateral epicondyle. 

The medial epicondyle of the hummerus. The ulnar nerve runs in a groove beneath the medial epicondyle and when this region is sharply bumped, a temporary but excruciatingly painful tingling sensation often occurs. 

Above the trochlea on the anterior surface is the coronoid foaa; on the posterior surface is the olercranon fossa. These two depression allow the corresponding process of the ulna to move freely when the elbow is flexed (bent) and extended (straightened). The small radial fossa, lateral to the coronoid fossa, recieves the head of the radius when the elbow is flexed. 

The antebrachium is composed of two bones, the radius and the ulna. When the body is in the anatomical position, the radius is in the lateral position in the forearm, and the radius and ulna are parallel. 

The capitulum of the humerus. 

The point of attachment for the tendon of the biceps muscle of the arm on the radius.

Distal to the radial tuberosity on the radius it reveals where the radius articulates with the end of the ulna. 

The anterior coroniod process, and the posterior olecranon which are seperated by the trochlear nothc. These processes grip the trochlea of the humerus in a plierslike join. 

The radial notch on the lateral side of the coronoid process. 

The distal end of the ulan - the ulnar head, which baears the small medial ulnar styloid process, which is where the wrist ligaments attach. 

The three groups of bones of the manus are - the carpus, the metacarpals and the phalanges which are the wrist, the bones of the palm and the fingers respectively. 

There are two eight marble sized bones in two rows called the carpals. In the proximal row (lateral to medial) are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and the pisiform bones. The scaphoid and lunate articulate with the distal end of the radius. In the distal row are the trapexium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. Sally Left The Party To Take Carmen Home. The carpals are bound together by ligaments, which restrict movements between them to allow only gliding movement. 

Numbered I to V from the thumb side of the hand toward the little finger, radiate out from the wrist like spokes to form the palm of the ahnd. The bases of the metacarpals articulate with the carpals of the wrist; their morebulbous heads articulate with the phalanges of the gingers distally. When the fist is clenched, the heads of the metacarpals become prominent as the kunckles. 

Like hte bones of the palm, the fingers are numbered from I to V, beginning from the tumb (pollex) side of the hand. The 14 bones fo the fingers, or digits, are miniatures long bones, called phalanges. Each finger contains three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal) except the thumb, which has only two (proximal and distal). 

Formed by two coxal bones - the ossa coxae, or hip bones.  and the sacrum. The deep structure formed by the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx is the called the pelvis, or bony pelvis. 

Formed by two coxal bones - the ossa coxae, or hip bones.  and the sacrum. The deep structure formed by the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx is the called the pelvis, or bony pelvis. 

The bones are heavy and massive, and they attach securely to the axial skeleton. The sockets for the heads of the femurs are deep and heavily reinforced by ligaments to ensure a stable, strong limb attachment. The ability to bear weight is more important here than mobility and flexibility. The combined weight of the upper body rests on the pelvic girdle (specifically where the hip bones mee the sacrum). 

Each coxal bone is a fusion of three bones, the ilium, iscuium and pubis which are distinguishable in young children. 

The illum is a large flaring bone, forms the major portion of the coxal bone. 

It connects posteriorly via the auricular surface at the sacroiliac joint. 

It's a rought portion you feel when you rest your hands on your hips. It terminates anteriorly in the anterior superior spine and posteriorly in the posterior superior spine. 

The illiac fossa is a shallow line that marks the internal surface of the ilium - it's a prominent ridge. The arcuate line outlines the pelvic inlet or pelvic brim.