Lab 14
gross anatomy of brain and cranial nerves
gross anatomy of brain and cranial nerves
Kartei Details
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| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Grundschule |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 11.03.2015 / 22.05.2017 |
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Describe the physical characteristic and location of the thalamus.
Two large lobes of gray matter that laterally enclose the shallow third ventricle of the brain. Located in the diencephalon.
What does the thalamus do?
A major integrating and relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the cortical sensor areas for localization and interpretation.
What connects the two thalamic lobes and bridges the ventricle?
The interthalamic adhesion or the intermediate mass.
What connects the third ventricle with the lateral ventricle on the same side?
A tiny opening called the interventricular foramen.
Describe the physical characteristics of the hypothalmus.
Makes up the floor of the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle
what is the function of the hypothalmus?
autonomic center - regulating body temperature, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in many other activites and drives (sex, hunger, thirst).
Where is the pituitary gland located?
In hte hypothalamus - located in the diencephalon.
What is the slender stalk that attaches the pituitary.
the infundibulum.
Where does the pituitary gland rest?
In the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcia of the sphenoid bone.
What lays just antieror to the pituitary?
The optic chiasma
What is the relay station for olfaction? Where are they located?
The mammillary bodies - bulge exteriorly from the floor of the hypothalamus just posterior to the pituitary gland.
Where is the epithalamus located?
In the diencephalon - forms the roof of the third ventricle and is the most dorsal portion of the diencephalon.
What produces the cerebrospinal fluid?
The choroid plexus
Name the major neuroendocrine structure of the epithalamus.
Pineal gland.
What connects the third and fourth ventricle in the hindbrain?
The cerebral aqueduct.
What three lobes make up the cerebellum?
Anterior, posterior, and a deep flocculonodular.
What connects the lobes of the cerebellum?
The vermis
How is the white and gray matter arranges in the cerebellum -
just like the cerebral hemispheres - an outer cortical area of gray matter and an inner area of white matter.
What are the arbor vitae?
Treelike branching of cerebellar white matter called the tree of life.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Concered with unconscious coordination of skeletal muscle activity and control balance and equilibrium. Fibers converge on the cerebellum from the equilibrium apparatus of the internal ear, visual pathways, proprioceptors of tendons and skeletal muscles, from many other areas. Thus the cerebellum remains constatly aware of the position and state of tension of various body parts.
What are the coverings of the brain called? How many are there? What are they?
The coverings of the brain are called the MENINGES - there are three types. An outter DURA MATTER, a middle ARACHNOID MATER and an inner PIA MATER.
What is the outter most meninge of the brain, and what are it's layers called?
the dura matter. It has two layers - the inner periosteal layer that atttaches to the inner surface of the skull forming the periosteum. The outter layer called the meningeal layer that forms the outermost brain covering and is continuous with the dura matter of spinal cord.
What three places are the dural layers not fused together?
Falax cerebri - dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres to attach to the crista galli of the ehtmoid bone of the skull. Which creates the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS that collects blood draining from brain tissue
FALX CEREBELLI - seperates the two cerebellar hemispheres
TENTORIUM CEREBELLI - separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum below.
What is the middle menix?
ARACHNOID MATTER - underlies dura matter and is very weblike
What is the partially separated space between the arachnoid matter and dura matter called?
Subdural space -
What attaches the arachnoid mater to the innermost menix?
threadlike projections.
What is the inner most menix called?
Pia mater - very delicate and highly vascular. Clings tenaciously to the surface of the brain following convulsions.
What is the space between the arachnoid and pia matter called?
Subarachnoid space.
What is the subarachnoid space filled with? What specialized tissue does it hold?
Cerebrospinal fluid. Arachnoid granulations - or arachnoid villi that have specialized projections that protrude through the dura matter.
What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?
Allow the cerebrospinal fluid to drain back into the venous circulation via the superior sagittal sinus and other dural sinuses.
Describe Meningitis
Inflamation of the meninges - a serious threat to the brain because of the intimate association between the brain and the meninges. Should infection spread to the neural tissue of the brain, life-threatening encephalitis may occur. Meningitis is often diagnosed by taking a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space.
What forms a cushion around the brain, and how?
The Cerebrospinal fluid. It's composition is similar to plasma. It is in and around the brain to form a water cushion that protects the delicate brain tissue against blows to the head.
What produces the CSF?
The choroid plexuses, which are small capillary knots hanging from the roof of the ventricles of the brain.
Describe the path of the CSF in the brain.
It circulates from the two lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via the INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMINA and then through the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain into the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain. It then enters the subarachnoid space through the three foramina in the walls of the fourth ventricle. There it bathes the outer surfaces of the brain and spinal cord. The fluid returns to the blood in the dural sinuses via the arachnoid granulations.
Which two cranial nerves do not arise from the brain stem?
Olfactory and optic - nerves II and I
Which three nerves are primarily sensory?
Optic, olfactory, vestibulocochlear
Which nerves are primarily motor?
Oculomotor, trochlear.
