Lab 14
gross anatomy of brain and cranial nerves
gross anatomy of brain and cranial nerves
Kartei Details
| Karten | 77 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Grundschule |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 11.03.2015 / 22.05.2017 |
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What are the two parts of the brain, and what do they contain?
CNS - central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
PNS - peripheral nervous system - cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors.
What are the two major subdivisions of the PNS?
Sensory portion - nerve fibers that conduct impulses towards the CNS (afferent)
Motor protion - contains nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS (efferent).
What are the two major subdivisions of the CNS?
Somatic division - the volunary system that controls the skeletal muscle
Automatic nervous system (ANS) - controls the smooth and cardiac involuntary nervous system.
What subdivision of what main division contains the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers?
The autonomic nervous system of the CNS.
What are the four major regions of the brain?
Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum.
What are the cerebral hemispheres?
The most superior protion of the brain.
Define gyri
Elevated ridges of tissues
Define Sulci
Shallow grooves
Define fisures
Deeper grooves
What anatomical landmark divides the two hemispheres of the brain?
Longitudinal fissure.
What anatomic landmark divides the front and parietal lobe?
The central sulcus.
What anatomicl features separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Lateral sulcus.
What anatomical feature divides the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe?
Parieto-occipital sulcus.
What is the insula?
A lobe of the cerebral hemispheres that are burried deep within the lateral sulcus and is covered by portions of the temporal, parietal, and front lobes.
What area process WHERE impulses traveling from the body's sensory receptors came from? Where is it located?
The primary somatosensory corex. Located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
What area of the brain interprets the meaning of incoming stimuli? Where is it located?
The somatosensory association cortex. Located immediately posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex.
Where is the olfactory region located in the brain?
In a region within the temporal lobe along itse medical surface in a region called the UNCUS.
What are is responsible for voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles? Where is it located?
the primary motor cortex. Located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
What area is responsible for motor speech? Where is it located? What happens if this area is damaged?
Broca's area - found at the base of the precentral gyrus just about the lateral sulcus. Damage to this area reduces or eliminates the ability to articulate words.
Where and what is the prefrontal cortex?
It's involved in intellect, complex reasoing, and personality. It's located at the anterior portion of the frontal lobes.
What area is associated with how words are sounded out? Where is it located?
Wernicke's area, located in only the left side - at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes.
Where are cell bodies found? What is this region called?
In the outtermost gray matter of the cerebrum, called the CEREBRAL CORTEX.
Where are the fiber tracts contained? What is this area called?
In the ddeper white matter - an area called THE CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER.
What regions of the Diencephalon are visible from the superfical ventral view?
Olfactory bulbs and tracts
Optic nerves
Optic chiasma
Optic tracts
Pituitary gland
Mammillary bodies.
What connects the pons with the cerebrum?
Fiber tracts called the CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES.
What part of the brain means "Bridge"? What does it bridge?
The pons - bridges the brain with the lower CNS centers - consists primarily of motor and sensory fiber tracts.
What is the lowest brain stem region? What is it composed of?
The medulla oblongata - composed of fiber tracts.
What are the decussation fo the pyraminds? Where is it located?
a crossover point for the major motor tracts (pyramidal tracts) descending from the motor areas of the cerebrum to the cord on the medulla's surface. THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
What does the medulla oblongata control?
Many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and blood pressure as well as involuntary centers involved in vomiting, swallowing and so on.
Describe the location and appearence of the superfical portion of the cerebellum.
It's large, cauliflower like and projects dorsally from under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. Has two major hemispheres and a convoluted surface. It has an outer cortex made up of gray matter and an inner region of white matter.
Where is the corpora quadrigemina located?
On the posterior aspect of the midbrain as a midbrain structure.
What are the two major prominences of the cerebellum and what do they do?
Superior Colliculi - Visual reflex centers
Inferior colliculi - auditory reflex center
What are the three different types of fiber tracts in the white matter of the cerebrum and what do they do?
Association tract - connect two portions of the same hemisphere
projection tracts - run between the cerebral cortex and lower brain structures or spinal cord
Commissure - frun from one hemisphere to another.
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
The major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres is calle dthe CORPUS CALLOSUM.
What bandlike fiber tract is concerned with olfaction as well as limbic system functions?
The fornix.
What separates the lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres?
The septum pellucidum.
What are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS called? where are they located?
Nucliei - burried deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres.
What structures are part of the INDIRECT PATHWAY and what do they regulate?
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, basal bandlia/nuclei - they regulate voluntary motor activities.
What is the corona radiata?
a pray of projection fibers coursing from the precentral gyrus, combines with sensory fibers traveling to the primary somatosensory cortex to form a broad band of fibrous material called the INTERNAL CAPSULE. This internal capsual passes between the diencephalon and basal nuclei through the caudate and putamen, giving them a triped appearence. Hence they are called the STRIATUM.
What are the internal structures of the diencephalon?
The thalmus, hypothalmus and epithalamus.
