Geo Test

Because places that are closer to the Equator are warmer than places near to the poles.

Because of

the curvature of the Earth: at the equator the heat is concentrated upon a small area, but due to the great curvature near the poles there is a larger area to heat up there

the angle of the sun in the sky: as the sun's rays pass through the atmosphere at a more direct angle (and therefore more quickly) at the Equator, less heat is lost

the layer of atmosphere that surrounds the Earth: the amtosphere contains dust, smoke and other solid particles that absorb heat

Because land and sea respond differently to temperture.

Land heats up quickly, but also loses heat quickly (summer and winter = large temperature range).

Sea heats up and cools down much more slowly (Atlantic ocean: 15,16,17°C, therefore small temperature range).

Far: Russia, Austria (therefore very cold winters and relatively warm summers)

Close: Britain, Ireland, France (summer remains rather cool and winter mild)

The prevaling wind is the direction from which the wind is most likely to come.

In Austria and most Europe we are within the westerly wind zone, meaning it comes from the Atlantic ocean with a lot of humidity.

Because it has it's own temperature and it depends on:

where the wind comes from

type of surface over which it passes

Because as height increases, the air becomes less dense and so is less able to retain the heat it receives from the ground. 

Mountains < temperature than lowlands

Decrease of 0,5°C/100m

Air blows from the sea (prevailing westerly winds) - towards a mountain range - humid air forced to rise - the rising air cools - condenses into clouds - heavy rain = on the windward side (LUV-Seite)

air descends - warmed by the land - clouds disappear - rainshadow - little rain - dry air = leeward side (LEE-Seite) 

- from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean sea, Adriatic sea

- Northern rims of the Alps

morning: sun heats up the ground - heated ground warms the air - warm air forced to rise upwards - water evaporates and also rises - warm and moist air rises in convection currents - noon: heavy rainfall and often thunderstorms - afternoon: cool air sinks down

on the Equator (rainforests), in the Monsoon

meeting of warm mass of air and cold mass of air - they do not mix - warm air is forced to rise and over cool air - cools to dew point - clouds and rain

It is the weight of the atmosphere/air on the earth. There is a convection current of air. When the warm air rises the pressure is low and when the cool air sinks down the pressure is high.

- equatorial climate: daily rainfall

- rainforest 

- tropical climate

- moist savanna, closed savanna (2 wet seasons), dry savanna (1 wet season) = the more you go towards the Tropic of Cancer (North)

- tropical climate

- semi desert/Sahel zone (1 very short wet season), desert e.g. Sahara

If you go from the Equator towards the Tropic of Cancer, you have less precipitation and vegetation. Around the Equator you do not have seasons.

- high and constant throughout the year (20°C-30°C)

- annual temperature range of 2°C

- sun shines from a very high angle in the sky

- 12 hours daylight 12 hours darkness every day of the year

- annual rainfall totals exceed 2000mm a year (a lot)

- afternoons in heavy convectional thunderstorms

- strong vertical air movements

- no prevailing winds

- no seasons, but constantly high temperatures and heavy rainfall

- evergreen forest: every tree has its own rhythm

- very many different species

- fertile soil as long as it's not deforested

- important for the global climate 

- produces oxygen that reduces carbondioxide

- Auslaugung der Böden durch einseitige Entnahme von Nährstoffen, Dünger notwendig

- Giftstoffe vom Düngen (aus Bestandteilen von Erdöl) gelangen in das Grundwasser

- Großgrundbesitzer

- große Konzerne

Kautschuk, Bananen, Ananas, Kakao, Kaffee, Zuckerrohr

- Zucker 

 - Alkohol z.B. Rum

- Biotreibstoff (Ethanol)

- Energiegewinnung durch Verbrennung

...

- Viehzucht (Rinder)

- Anbau (Monokulturen)

- Schaffung von Transportwegen für den Abtransport von Mineralstoffen aus dem Landinneren

- Bau von Kraftwerken

In Indonesia the rainforest visibly reduced through the burning of the rainforest, which even affected the traffic of the aeroplanes.

Brazil where a power plant is being built and a lot of the rainforest is burned down for the rearing of cattles and the plantation of sugar cane.

Die Sahara ist die größte Wüste und sie erstreckt sich über Nordafrika, von Westen nach Osten.

Sie ist eine Halbwüste (Savannen) südlich der Sahara, Übergang Tropen zu Subtropen (nördlicher Wendekreis), kurze Regenzeit. Es besteht die Gefahr der Desertifikation.

Geburtenrate: Zahl der Geburten/1000 Einwohner

Fertilitätsrate: Anzahl der Kinder/Frau (Österreich: 1,4)

- Bevölkerungswachstum

- Armut

- Wassermangel

- Bevölkerungszuwachs

- Überweidung, denn Anbau kaum möglich

- Abholzen des wenigen Holzes fürs Kochen

- Ausbeutung der Grundwasservorräte

- Intensive Landwirtschaft

- Klimaerwärmung

- Grundwasseroasen/ground water oasis

- Flussoasen/river oasis

Als in Europa die Eiszeit herrschte, gab es eine Regenperiode in Afrika und Wandmalereien in der Sahara beweisen, dass es dort einmal eine Savanne gab (Desertifikation).

- sesshafte Ackerbauer: Dattelpalme-, Gemüse-, Obstanbau

- nicht-sesshafte Nomaden: Viehzucht (nicht sehr bedeutend in den Oasen