Figurative Language
Figures of speech/rhetorical figures; Tropes
Figures of speech/rhetorical figures; Tropes
Kartei Details
| Karten | 48 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Englisch |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 23.10.2012 / 25.11.2012 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/figurative_language
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| Einbinden |
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ploce
repetition of a word within a line or sequence of clauses
e.g.: Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy. (Shakespeare, Sonnet 8)/"Make war upon themselves - brother to brother / Blood to blood, self against self." - Richard III, by Shakespeare
anadiplosis (or reduplicatio)
repetition of the last word of one line or clause to begin the next
e.g.: Then hate me when thou wilt-if ever, now-
Now, while the world is bent my deeds to cross. (Shakespeare, Sonnet 90)
=Anadiplose in Deutsch: Die Blätter fallen nieder. Fallen nieder wie von weit...
gradatio/climax (figure of repetition)
words or phrases arranged in an ascending order of importance
e.g.: I may, I must, I can, I will, I do
Klimax im Deutschen (vs. Antiklimax): Wie habe ich ihn nicht gebeten, gefleht, beschworen.
epanalepsis (figure of repetition)
repetition of the same word at the beginning and end of a clause
e.g.: "Remember March, the Ides of March remember." (Julius Caesar)
Epanalepse im Deutschen: hier am Übereinstimmung am Anfang, im Innern oder am Ende. darum epanalepsis auf Englisch eher wie Kyklos im Deutschen: Entbehren sollst du, sollst entbehren.
anaphora (figure of repetition)
repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive clauses or verses
e.g.: some glory in their birth, some in their skill,
Some in their wealth, some in their bodies' force,
Some in their garments - though new-fangled ill,-
some in their hawks and hounds, some in their horse. (Shakespeare, Sonnet 91)
=Anapher: Lies keine Oden, mein Sohn, lies die Kursbücher.
epiphora (figure of repetition)
repetition of a closing word of words at the end of several (usually successive) clauses, sentences, or verses
e.g.: "When I was a child, I spake as a child; I understood as a child; I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things."
=Epipher: Auch Penthesilea lebt doppelt, begreift sich doppelt.
symploce/complexio (figure of repetition)
repetition of one word or phrase at the beginning, and of another at the end, of successive clauses, sentences, or passages; a combination of anaphora and epiphora
e.g.: Most true that I must fair Fidessa love,
Most true that fair Fidessa cannot love.
Most true that I do feel the pains of love,
Most true that I am captive unto love.
pleonasm (figure of repetition)
needless repetition
e.g.: "I heard it with mine ears and saw it with mine eyes."
=Pleonasmus: neu renoviert, bereits schon, pechrabenschwarz, weisser Schimmel
tautology (figure of repetition)
repetition of the same idea in different words (extended pleonasm)
e.g.: "The tears of it are wet."
=Tautologie: Jener Schimmel dort ist eindeutig ein weisses Pferd.
pun (figure of repetition)
a play upon the sounds and meanings of words
e.g.: "Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man." (Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet) --> grave double meaning
paranomasia (figure of repetition)
a form of pun in which words with similar sounds but different meanings are used
e.g.:
Claudius: But now my cousin Hamlet, and my son-
Hamlet: A little more than kin, and less than kind.
polyptoton (figure of repetition)
repetition of a word in various grammatical forms
e.g.: "So they go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute..." (Churchill)
=Polyptoton: Da freut sich die Frohnatur dieser erfreulichen Stunde.
synonymia (figure of repetition)
amplification by synonym
e.g.: What is become of that beautiful face,
those lovely looks, that favour amiable,
those sweet features, and visage full of grace."
antonym (figure of repetition)
opposing concepts
e.g.: heat and cold
oxymoron (figure of repetition)
a condensed paradox, combination of two normally contradictory terms
e.g.: Milton's "darkness visible" or "I burn and freeze"
= Oxymoron: lebendiger Tod, Regensonne, laut schweigen
paradox (figure of repetition)
a situation, person, or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities
e.g.: Milton's description of God: " Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear."
= Paradoxon: Der Tod ist das wahre Leben.
hendiadys (figure of repetition)
The expression of a single idea by two or more words
e.g.: nice and warm, law and order, house and home
isocolon
(parallelism)
phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure
e.g.: He is asked to stand, he wants to sit, and he is expected to lie."
chiasmus
(parallelism)
mirror inversion, i.e. reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses
e.g.: When the going gets though, the though gets going.
= Chiasmus: Er rief nach oben, nach unten schaute sie.
asyndeton
omission of conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses
e.g.: "All is over. Silent, mournful, abandoned, broken."/"Veni, vidi, vici"
= Asyndeton: Alles rennet, rettet, flüchtet.
polysyndeton
use of conjunction between each clause
e.g.: Milton says that Satan "pursues his way,/and swims or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies."
= Polysyndeton: Es prasselte und hagelte und regnete und plätscherte nur so.
antithesis
the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in clauses that are near each other, often emphasized by a parallel structure.
e.g.: That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" (Neil Armstrong)
=Antithese: Was dieser heute baut, reisst jener morgen ein.
inversion (deviation)
inversion of grammatical order
"the majesty of buried Denmark"
hyperbaton (deviation)
separation of words usually belongig together
"This is the kind of impertinence up with which I will not put."
ellipsis (deviation)
deliberate omission of a word or words
"And he to England shall along with you"
aposiopesis
stopping suddenly in midcourse, leaving a statement unfinished; sometimes from genuine passions, sometimes for effect
= Aposiopese: "Ist das nicht..."
zeugma (deviation)
a kind of ellipsis in which a single word stands in the same grammatical relation to two or more other words, but with an obvious shift in its meaning, e.g. from the literal to the metaphorical
rhetorical question (deviation)
a question that does not invite a reply
=rhetorische Frage
apostrophe (deviation)
breaking off a discourse to address some person or personified thing either present or absent
metaphor (trope)
implied comparison between two things of unlike nature that yet have something in common. It consists of tenor (=subject of the comparison) and vehicle (=image evoked). Sometimes the tenor is only implicit.
simile (tropes)
=explicit metaphor: a comparison between two things indicated by the word "like" or "as"
The sky is like a polished mirror.
=Vergleich
dead metaphor (trope)
an expression that has become so common that we have ceased to be aware of the discrepancy between vehicle and tenor
leg of a table, book jacket, eye of a needle
dying metaphor (trope)
e.g. dead as a doornail
conceit (trope)
witty, elaborate metaphor
epic simile (trope)
long simile imitated from Homer by Milton and others
synaesthesia (trope)
tenor and vehicle from two different sensuous areas
If music be the food of love, play on.
personification/prosopopeia (trope)
presenting abstract ideas in the form of a person
pathetic fallacy
the attribution of human emotions to inanimate objects or to nature
The one red leaf, the last of its clan, That dances as often as dance it can.
allegory (trope)
a narrative whose literal meanings stand for other meanings such as moral or spiritual ones
e.g. George Owell's Animal Farm
Tropes
figures of thought/change in meaning
