DEH 103: Histology & Embryology
Chapter 1: Oral Histology and Embryology
Chapter 1: Oral Histology and Embryology
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 79 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Medical |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 31.12.2013 / 31.12.2013 |
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These cells have the potential to differentiate into various types of connective tissue-forming cells.
Mesenchymal cells
Blood and lymphatic tissue is _____ tissue that is composed of approximately ____ liters of fluid and cells.
- Connetive tissue
- 7
What are the 3 types of blood cells?
- Erythrocytes: RBC, most numerous, carry O2 from the lungs --> cells and CO2 from the cells --> lungs
- Leukocytes: WBC, defend the body against bacteria
- Platelets: suspended in plasma, stimulate phagocytic action and clot formation
What are the 5 different types of WBC?
- Granular types (neutrophils: most common; esoinophils, and basophils)
- Non-granular types (lymphocytes and monocytes)
The lymphatic system is composed of?
- Lymph nodes
- Thymus
- Spleen
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Destorys bacteria, viruses and microorganisms.
Types of cells: B cells, T cells, and macrophages
Cartilage is a connective tissue that is formed by ____ and undergoes what 2 types of growth?
- Chondroblasts
- Interstitial: deep within the tissue by mitosis of each chondrocyte (expands the tissue). Important in the development of bone tissue that uses cartilage as a model for its own growth
- Appositional growth: layered growht on the external surface. Occurs after injury or remodeling.
FYI: most of the cartilage in the body is replaced by bone. Elastic (ears) or fibrous (vertebrae)
What are the 3 types of muscles?
- Smooth (involuntary) muscles: autonomic nervous system (intestine, blood vessles, roots of hair)
- Striated (voluntary) muscles: (tongue, lips, cheeks, soft palate)
- Cardiac (striated -- involuntary) muscle: Angioblasts form it. Hear begins to beat in the 4th week of pregnancy. Umbilical system supplies O2 and nutrients from the placenta
What in utero becomes the future spinal cord?
Neural tube
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?
- Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS): other nerves
Where does the 5th crainial nerve develope?
in teh Midbrain
What develops from the forebrain?
frontal, temporal and occipital lobes (midbrain and hindbrain)
What developes from the hindbrain?
pons and cerebellum
What is the smallest unit of structure in the human body?
Cell
What is the fluid called that surrounds the cell nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What 2 genetic components are produced by the nucleus?
- DNA
- RNA
What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum? What makes them different?
- Smooth and Rough ER.
- Ribosomes "studd" the outside of the rough ER
What are these mesonchymal cells responsible for producing?
- Chondrocytes
- Myocytes
- Ostocytes
- Fibroblasts
- Chondrocytes: cartilage
- Myocytes: muscles
- Osteocytes: bone
- Fibroblasts: skin, tendons, and ligaments
What are ribosomes responsible for?
Production of protein
What is the smooth ER responsible for?
Lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and detoxification
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Package, condense, and deliver proteins
What are lysosomes responsible for?
Destruction of invading bacteria and cell debris
What do the mitochondira do in the cell?
Energy production
What helps maintain a cells shape?
Cytoskeleton
What is the junction called that holds cells together?
Desmosomes
What is the junction called that holds cells to a non-cellular surface like a tooth?
Hemi-desmosome
What is the cell division called when 2 exact daughter cells are produced?
Mitosis
What are the 5 phases of cell division in mitosis?
HINT: IPMAT
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anphase
- Telophase
What is it called when germ cells fuse causing a reduction by 1/2 of their chromosomes?
Meiosis
What are the 3 phases of pregnancy? Which phase is the embryo most susceptible?
- Proliferative
- Embyonic
- Fetal
- Embryonic is most crucial
What weeks of gestation is the embryonic period?
3-8th weeks
What arhe the 3 layers of the embryonic sac?
- Endodermal
- Ectodermal
- Mesodermal
What are the 3 layers responsible for producing?
- Endodermal: GI tract
- Ectodermal: brain, spinal cord
- Mesodermal: blood, muscles, skin
Name the 4 types of tissue groups.
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
- Epithelial
What tissue DOES NOT contain blood vessels and must rely on the dermis for tis supply?
Epithelial tissue
Which tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body?
Connective tissue
Which tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body?
Connective tissue
What are the cells called that can differentiate into various forms of connective tissue cells?
Mesenchymal cells
In cartilage development, what is the difference between appositional growth and interstitial growth?
- Appositional is layered on the outside after injury or repair
- Interstitial is deep within the bone during formation
