Bio Chapter 5
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Kartei Details
| Karten | 33 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 02.09.2014 / 03.09.2014 |
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Macromolecules
Large molecules with thousands of atoms
Dehydration Reaction
Reaction where monomers are connected through a covalent bond that is formed when a water molecule is removed
Hydrolysis
The process where polymers are disassembled by the addition of a water molecule
Monosaccharide
a molecule that has the formula of C H and O that is a multiple of CH2O
Aldose
a classification of sugar where the carboxyl group is at the end of the carbon chain
Ketose
a classification of sugar where the carboxyl group is is in the within the carbon chain
Disaccharide
2 monosaccarides joined by a glucoside linkage
Glycoside Linkage
a covalent bond fromed between 2 monosaccarides by a dehydration reaction
Polysaccaride
a macromolecule comprised of 100's-1000's of monosaccarides
Lipids
hydrophobic molecules that aren't polymers and aren't big enough to be macromolecules
Fatty acid
a long carbon chain with a functional carboxyl group at one end
Esther linkage
The bond that links fatty acids with the glycerol backbone. It is a bond between the hydroxyl and carboxyl to make a tricylglycerol
Fats
Large molecules (but not macromolecules) assembled from 3 fatty acids and a glycerol backbone
Phospholipids
Lipids that compose the cell membranes; made of 2 fatty acids, glycerol backbone, and a lead group
Steriods
lipids with a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings
Steric Constraints
The physical constraints of bonding. Monomers can't fit together to bond
Polypeptide
polymers of amino acids
Proteins
Biologically functioning molecules of one or more polypeptides, folded in a specific 3-D shape
Amino Acid
Organic molecule with an amino group and carboxyl group. It is comprised of an alpha carbon surrounded by an amino group, carboxyl group, H atom and R group
Peptide Bond
The covalent bond that attaches the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next through a dehydration reaction
Primary Structure
The linked unique series of amino acids in a protein
Secondary Structure
coils and folds that result from hydrogen bonds between the backbone (Alpha and Beta helix)
Tertiary Structure
Overall shape of a polypeptide resulting from the interactions between side chains. 2 kinds: hydrophobic side chains moving to the shelter of the center, and disulfide bonds between the sulfers of cysteine monomers
Quantiary Structure
Overall protein structure that results from multiple polypeptide sub-units combining
Denaturation
The bonds of a protein fail and it loses shape and is destroyed
Chaperonins
Protein molecules that assist in the folding of other proteins
Nucleic Acids
polymers of DNA material
Nucleotides
Monomers of DNA material
Gene
unit of inheritance that programs the amino acid sequence of polypeptide
Nuclecic Acids
macromolecules that exist as polymers called polynucleotides
Nucleotide
Monomers that make up a nucleic acid. Has 3 parts: Nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar (pentose), and 1 or more phosphate groups
Pyrimidine
Nitrogenous base type that has 1 6 ring of Carbon and Nitrogen (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)
Purine
Nitrogenous base with a 6 membered ring with a five membered ring (Adenine and Guanine)
