Airframes & Systems
T1, T2a
T1, T2a
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 499 |
|---|---|
| Language | Deutsch |
| Category | Technology |
| Level | Primary School |
| Created / Updated | 10.11.2014 / 01.01.2023 |
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the wear
die Abnutzung
What is the purpose of the torque/torsion links in a landing gear leg
To prevent the wheel rotating within the leg about the leg centre line.
In case of failure of the main lowering system the landing gear may be lowered by...
pneumatic power or gravity
shimmy
flattern
In some aircrafts there is a protection device to avoid landing gear retraction on the ground. It consists of...
a latch (Klinke) on the landing gear lever (Hebel)
Landing gear: ply rating
is a measure of the strength of the tyre concerned (beteiligt )
What is a weeping wing system?
Fluid forced through a mesh screen at the leading edges to de-ice the wing and tail surfaces.
Pneumatic boot de icing on wing leading edge...
has a cycle that lasts several seconds
How is de-icer rubber boots on propellers activated?
Through direct current electrically heated elements
Considered by the pilot in command when operating a propeller de-icing system, which action is defined as good airmanship?
Activate the system before the ice has formed in too large lumps
Flight controls: Flight controls divided into 2 parts?
1. primary flight controls 2. secondary flight controls => support the effect of primary flight controls
Flight controls: primary flight controls?
rudder, elevator, aileron and roll spoiler (for big aircraft)
Flight controls: In a sate of flight, all forces and moments acting on the aeroplane are in
equilibrium
Flight controls: Three types of control surfaces?
1. changing the aerofoil camber => changes in pressure distribution cause by an increase in camber 2. change the Angle of incident 3. deflect panels which spoil the gift generation => spoilers
Flight controls: Power controls can be classified into?
1. Partially power systems 2. Fully powered control systems mostly used on large transport aeroplanes
Flight controls: Control system ca be classified into:
a) reversible flight control = linkes directly to the corresponding control surface
b) irreversible flight control = no direct mechanical link between cockpit controls and the control surface
=> hydro-mechanical or hydro-electrical flight control system
Flight controls: Reversible Control System
Cables, push roads, chains or torsion shafts are used to connect the cockpit controls with the flight control surfaces
Flight controls: Flight control Locks for reversible Systems, whaaaaaaaaats that????
To avoid undesired control movements generated by wind, the controls have to be locked on ground
Flight controls: Partially Powered Control System hydrauliccaly assisted reversible control system
Was ist das und wie funktioniert das?
a hydraulic power unit assists the pilots in moving the control surfaces => Only a part of the forces needed to move the controls is provided by hydraulic assistance => Similar to a car servo-mechanism z.B. by Super Conni (large piston engines)
Flight controls: Fully powered Control system => Irreversiblle Control System
only moves the valve input lever of a hydraulic power unit
Flight controls: Artificial feel system by irreversible flight control?
the pilot has no feel for the forces acting => an artificial feel mechanism to avoid over control => Corresponds to the increase of the control forces as flight speed increases => Hs a centering mechanism to define the central position of the control!
Flight controls: Redunancy
Redundancy = Splitting the flight controls z.B. upper and lower rudder by using different independent hydraulic systems
Flight controls: Full powered system with a mechanical back-up system
It can be controlled ( pitch and roll) Manually in the case of a total hydraulic failure by using servo tabs => The servo tabs are automatically unlocked and the control surface servo valves
Flight controls: How is the function of the hydrauliccaly actuated flight controls with electrical signal Transmission? FBW?
FBW = Fly by wire => Computer inputs: a) cockpit controls b) air data computer c) autopilot ==> these inputs result in control surface deflections
Flight controls: In most EFCS more than one control las is used?
EFCS= Electronic Flight Control System
Normal law: all systems operational or just a single failure
Alternate law: at least two failures
Direct law: more than two failures
Flight controls: Loss of rudder What do you do?
a) avoid high bank angles
b) use aileron and elevator
c) carefully differential power
Flight controls: Loss of aileron?
a) use the rudder instead
b) balance fuel accordingly (entsprechend)
c) carefully use differntial power setting
accordingly
entsprechend
Flight controls: Loss of elevator
a) chage power/thrust settings carefully
b) use elevator trim / stabilizer trim
Flight controls: Elevator fails on big airplanes?
elevators are split into a left and right hand elevator => if one fails / blocked the remaining elevator may be limited
Flight controls: Ailerons fails on a big airliner?
Ailerons are naturally split into left and right hand ailerons, one on each wig
Flight controls: Spolier loss on a big airliner
spoiler fault-defection systems are installed => These systems retract the spoiler to their zero position , if a fault is detected or in the event of loss of electrical control
Flight controls: Most transport aeroplanes are provided with protection against control jamming. This means:
In flight control system has provisions to disconnect the part of the control system that becomes blocked
Flight controls: The function of the rudder limiter system is:
to restrict full rudder deflection during flight as high IAS.
Flight controls: There is no need for a gust lock on irreversible flight controls
Flight controls: Manual flight controls should have a gust lock
Flight controls: There should be suitable design precautions to prevent flight with the gust lock engaged
Flight controls: a variable stop system limits both rudder and rudder pedal deflection as the IAS decreases?
Flight controls: A rudder ratio changer system reduces the rudder deflection for a given rudder pedal deflection as the IAS increases
Flight controls: a variable stop system limits both rudder and rudder pedal deflection as the IAS increases?
