Airframes & Systems
T1, T2a
T1, T2a
Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 499 |
|---|---|
| Langue | Deutsch |
| Catégorie | Technique |
| Niveau | École primaire |
| Crée / Actualisé | 10.11.2014 / 01.01.2023 |
| Lien de web |
https://card2brain.ch/box/airframes_systems
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2 Arten von wings construction
Single Spar with a torsion nose 2 multi spar with a torsion box
Ramp Mass?
Total aeroplane mass inl. fuel and traffic load
Take off mass
Ramp mass - taxi fuel
Ramp Mass - Useful fuel
Zero fuel weight
?
Single Spar Wing with a torsion nose ==> The ribs carry shear loads => Spar servers as the fixing point for the aileron and flaps ==> The Tube is created b the main spar id the front of the wing
?
Semi Monocoque Structure => Torsion BOX =Y Spar, Stringers, Gelbe sind die Ribs => The torsion stress can be absorbed by the torsion Box
4 Methoden Dinge zusammmenzufügen
1. Riveting /nieten) 2. Bolting (schrauben) 3. Welding (schweissen) 4. Bonding kleben
Aluminium Alloys pos. and neg.
Pos: Good strength Good fatigue resistance good thermal and electrical conductivity BAD: difficult to weld (schweissen) poor corrosion resistance
Magnesium Alloys Pos and neg
Pos: weight Strength BAD: low corrosion resistance tendency to crack due to vibrations Ignite (entzünden) easily => mit sand löschen => Not in primary structure
Titanium Alloys Pos/neg => Treibwerkaufhänger
Pos: Weight, High corrosion resistance, Hight Temperature resistance (up to 400 decrease) hight structural strength Bad: required special techniques and sharp tools high cost ==> fire protection
Composite Material pos neg ==> Glass Carbon and Aramid ==> Glasfasern
Kunstoff => Nimmer mehr davon pos: weight hight specific strength and stiffness Hight corrosion resistance can easily be formed neg: Fatigue behavior is different loose their properties gradually Damage is difficult to repair
Monel Alloys
Legierung hat nur Vorteile : 65 % Nickel, 33% Copper, 2% Iron ==> High corrosion resistance, hight structural strength, low coefficient of expansion, good electromagnetic shielding ==> often engine exhaust systems
Bolting Gefahr?
Corrosion
Sandwich Construction
two thin outside layer to give strength (aluminium, fibre reinforced plastics ) ==> hight bending strength and very low weight => keen Punktuelle Belastung
The strips of ribbions in honeycomb structure is formed into crimps and joined into a
hexagonal pattern
Usually x and y are the materials used for teh primary structure components
Duraluminium or fibre reinforced plastics
Corrosion
destruction of material through a chemical reaction to its environment => rusting => takes places between an anode and a cathode
protection corrosion
use of conservation liquids (oil) painting of parts
static load
the load is not applied rapidly and does not change with time
dynamic load
not constant and changes with time
Fatigue
Müdigkeitserscheinungen => If the cycle loading is continued a sufficient number of times, the material may break even though the load remains far below the ultimate static load
ultimate static load
the value of load at which the material fractures is
Flutter
rapid und uncontrolled oscillation (Schwingung) of a flight control wich occurs as a result of an unbalanced surface => Can lead to the catastrophic failure of the structure
Flutter is a combination of
bending vibration and tensional vibration
Durch was wird das Fenster im Frame gehalten?
kabinendruck
Safe Life
Bis zu welchem Alter will be free of fatigue failure during a certain lifetime ==> Flugzeuge werden für eine geist Anzahl Cycle gebaut => Durch künstliche Belangt getestet => Jedoch damage tolerance als alternative, da FL sehr teuer wurden
Damage Tolerance
aircraft has an unlimited technical lifetime, as long as the structure and certain parts are inspected according specific inspection schedule
Damage Tolerance bassiertz auf
structure is designed so that damage can be detected during the normal inspection cycles before a failure occurs
Fail safe
the principle of designing a structure so that the failure of one part des not affect the safety of the hole
redundancy
Überfluss
2 Arten von redundancy
1. System redundancy ( 2 Systems) 2. Component redundancy ( 2 hydraulic pumps)
DLL
Design Limited Load => Was wir erwarten im Service
Proof Load
Normally 1.125 x DLL ==> Hard landing aircraft structure must not suffer any permanent deformation and all flying control must function normally
DUL
Design Ultimate Load : DLL 1 safety factor => Minimum safety factor is 1.5 ==> Structure must withstand DUL without collapse
MZFM
Macimum zero fuel mass
Windshields bestehen aus ?
Cockpit Front Scheibe: glass => Vinyl => Gkass => Vinyl => Glass Inside
Windows besteht aus?
Glass => Vinyl => Glass Inside
Wieso ist die Cockpit Windshields geheizt?
Durch das Heizen wird sie elastischer
Hard Time maintance
is a repair, overhaul or replacement preventive maintenance activity that is performed at a set time interval
On-Condition Maintenance
inspection check that determines an item's performance and may result in the removal of an item before it fails in service ==> if a limit value is exceeded, replacement of parts
