Jaha


Set of flashcards Details

Flashcards 312
Language English
Category Macro-Economics
Level University
Created / Updated 04.07.2025 / 05.07.2025
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What extreme weather events are increasing?

Floods, droughts, storms.

What health risks come from water issues?

Flood-related deaths, water contamination, poor sanitation.

Why is food security threatened by water scarcity?

Less water for farming means less food.

What problems does Sub-Saharan Africa face?

Droughts, floods, growing population, weak governance.

How can water conflicts be solved?

Better water use, technology, carbon cuts, policies, cooperation.

What is circular water management?

Reusing and recycling water efficiently.

Name a new farming method that saves water.

Vertical farming.

What can help protect water ecosystems?

Restoration and sustainable use.

What is water security?

Having enough clean water for people, farms, nature, and safety from floods or droughts.

What does water security also include?

Good water management and protection from water problems.

What did the UN say about water?

Clean water is a human right.

Why is water a big issue in the Middle East?

Because of fast population growth and climate change.

What is hydro-political conflict?

When countries fight or cooperate over shared water.

What is hydro-hegemony?

One country controls water in a shared river basin.

What does securitization of water mean?

Treating water as a security issue like war or terrorism.

How much water does a person get per year in the Middle East?

About 1200 cubic meters.

How much water does a person get per year worldwide?

About 7000 cubic meters.

What makes water scarcity worse?

Bad water management and pollution.

How much of the world’s freshwater crosses country borders?

More than 60%.

Name three important shared rivers in the Middle East.

Jordan, Tigris-Euphrates, Nile.

Do Israel and Jordan cooperate on water?

Yes, a little on the Jordan River.

Do Turkey, Iraq, and Iran cooperate on Tigris and Euphrates water?

No, cooperation is weak.

Why is Nile River water a problem?

Different countries have different power and fears.

Who said future wars in the Middle East will be about water?

Boutros-Ghali.

Who said wars next century will be about water, not oil?

Ismail Serageldin.

Why were Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan chosen as case studies?

They all depend on one major shared water source.

What do these countries have in common?

They rely on the same water source, face power imbalance, and risk one-sided actions.

How are the countries different?

They have different water powers, cooperation levels, and history.

Where does the Jordan River start?

Mount Hermon (in Israel).

Which countries share the Jordan River?

Jordan, Israel, Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon.

What is a big issue with the Jordan River?

Water scarcity, especially in Jordan.

What agreement did Israel and Jordan make in 1994?

A peace treaty including shared water use and a joint water committee.

What big water project did Israel and Jordan plan in 2015?

The Peace Canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea and a desalination plant.

Which countries share the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?

Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq.

What is the main problem with Tigris and Euphrates water sharing?

No agreement or cooperation, and upstream countries (Turkey, Iran) have more power.

What are other issues in the Tigris-Euphrates basin?

Climate change, pollution, overuse, and water protests.

What is the Southeastern Anatolia Project?

A Turkish dam and irrigation plan affecting water flow to Iraq and Syria.

What are extra problems in the Tigris-Euphrates region?

War damage, population growth, and political instability.

How many people depend on the Nile River?

About 250 million.

Which countries share the Nile River?

Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, and 7 more.