synchronic fickuistics

generally consist of one morpheme (house, love)

generally consist of two or more morphemes

attaching a prefix -> unbelievable (theres a functional change(embody, debone etc.) and a change of word class (unhappy, review))

attaching a suffix, frequently involves a functional change (writer) sometimes no functional change (boyhood)

derivation of a new lexeme from an existing one without a specific morphological marker indicating the change of word class and meaning (bridge -> to bridge)

stringing together two or more free morphemes to one complex lexeme

meaning can be inferred (pattern A + B = kind of B (daylight -> a kind of light)

meaning cannot be inferred, no 'head' in the compound (e.g. redneck =/ a type of neck)

A + B = different descriptors for the same referent (actor-director)

A+B denote the sum of what A and B denote, compound word would be incomplete with one of the two elements missing (sleepwalk)

coined in modern languages involving greek or latin elements, contain 'bound roots'(e.g. biology, geometry)

formed by joining two words belonging to different or same parts of speech to form a word which is a noun (breakfast)

initial part of word one + final part of word two (AB + CD = AD) (Brunch)

usually final part of word is removed or clipped (lab -> laboratory)

combination of first letters, letters are pronounced as one word (asap, laser)

combination of first letters, each letter is spelt out individually (USA, TV)

creation of morphologically simpler form from a morphologically complex word ((to) edit -> editor)

involves the invention of a new root morpheme, more or less arbitrary, may be named after person

parts of a sentence and its constituents

word or lexical unit which is used to indicate the occurence or performance or an action or the existence of a state or condition

word used as the name or designation of a person, place, or thing

word or lexical unit that modifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, a sentence, or another adverb, expressing manner, place, time or degree

verb usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibility, necessity, and permission ( such as can, could, shall, ought to, will or would)

any of a small set of words in a language that are used as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and whose referents are named or understood in the context

word or particle governing (and usually preceding) a noun, pronoun etc. and expressing a relation between it and another word

uninflected word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words in the same clause (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) subordinating conjuctions (e.g. after, because, since, even though, before, while)

word that makes specific the denotation of a noun phrase

word denoting or expressing a number, cardinals (answers question 'how many?' -> "I read two books this month") ordinal: place in an order or series ("second book")

expression of some feeling or emotion, used or viewed as word class (wow, ouch)

"the superhero that was created by marvel"

"is flying" "has been written"

used along main verb to express tense, mood or voice -> "we were running"

"very green" "extremely beautiful" "afraid of bats"

"rather heavily" "yesterday" "badly enough"