synchronic fickuistics
hawk 2 a
hawk 2 a
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 108 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | English |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 07.02.2025 / 10.02.2025 |
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prepositional phrases
"in the house" "because of their mood"
finite clause
presence of inflected verb form
non-finite clause
no inflected verb form (the base form of the verb without "to")
verbless clause
no verb at all (but implicit)
finite verbs
inflected and marked for agreement with the subject; can be the only verb in a simple sentence (john leaves)
non-finite verbs
not inflected and not marked for agreement with the subject; cannot be the only verb in a simple sentence (leaving, I waved goodbye)
syntactic agreement
if the subject is 3rd person, verb also has to be 3rd person
intransitive verb
doesn't have a direct object (syntax rocks)
monotransitive
only one verb and one direct object (we love syntax)
ditransitive verb
verb that takes two objects (usually indirect & direct: Mary buys him a syntax book)
complex-transitive verb
object & a complement (very few people find syntax boring)
copula verb
copula verb links the subject to the subject complement (syntax is great)
semantics
the study of the meaning of language -> deals with literal utterance meaning, context invariant and speaker-independent
lexical semantics
concerned with the study of word meaning and thus differs from sentential (phrasal) semantics
syntagmatic semantics
combinations of words/phrases in a sentence
paradigmatic semantics
lexical alternatives, deals with semantic relations between these alternatives
binary antonymy
either-or relationship between terms (dead-alive)
relational antonymy
same situation from different perspectives (student-teacher)
gradable antonymy
two opposite poles of a continuum (cold vs. hot)
directional antonymy
change of directions (open vs. shut)
hyponymy
relationship between words that are subordinate to other words and vice versa (hypernym &hyponym & cohyponym)
meronymy
part-whole relationship (body > face > eyes) (holonym & meronym)
homophone
identical pronunciation, different spelling, different meaning (eight & ate)
homograph
different pronunciation, identical spelling, different meaning (lead & lead)
polysemy
identical pronunciation, identical spelling & related meaning (mole & mole)
homonymy
identical pronunciation, identical spelling & different meaning (bat & bat)
pragmatics
deals with what is meant context sensitive, speaker dependant meaning)
deixis
means of referring to context -> main focus of deixis (meaning in context/situation)
