Set of flashcards humus faktorial (Page 2 of 3)

Flashcards	103
Language	Deutsch
Category	Psychology
Level	University
Created / Updated	05.02.2025 / 10.02.2025
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In selective listening tasks, which factor makes it easier to attend to the target message?

Presenting the signals from the same loudspeaker.

The target and distractor having similar intensities.

Spatial separation of the target and distractor.

Similar frequency regions within the auditory spectrum for both signals.

What is an important characteristic of empirical assessment techniques?

a)They should be intrusive during assessment

b)They should be easy to implement and maintain

c)They should be diagnostic but not sensitive to changes in workload

d)They should be based on primary-task measures only

e)They should be sensitive to changes in workload

What additional problems can come with subjective measures of mental workload?

operators may confuse task difficulty with perceived effort

are only sensitive to a narrow range of experienced conditions

sensitive only to the range of experienced conditions

often not in line with performance- or physiological measures

What is the memory important for?

Remembering tasks and goals

Maintaining information

Retrieving past information

Problem solving

What is chunking in the short-term memory?

Magic number 10 +/- 2 units

Max. 6 digits per chunk

Better for auditorily presented items

Integration of items into larger bits

What is the comparison of literal meaning vs. intended meaning?

Cooperative principle

Given-new strategy

Irony, metaphors, idiomatic phrases

Most important for group communication

What is problem solving and the problem space?

Allowable moves may be included in the problem space

Constructed by the troublemaker from their point of view

Studies in multistep tasks with a clear goal

Operator subgoaling is to try a random move and form a new state (subgoal) where this move is appropriate

What categorizes induction

It involves drawing general conclusions from particular

If premises are true, conclusions are always true

Induction is based on mental models

It entertaining multiple hypothesis

Select the correct statements to the conditional syllogisms

Affirmation: if the light switch lights up red, the light is on the light switch lights up red, the light is on

Affirmation of consequent: if the light switch lights up red, the light is on the light is on, the light switch lights up red

Denial: if the light switch lights up red, the light is on the light is not red, the light switch lights not up red

Denial of the antecedent: if the light switch lights up red, the light is on the light did not switch up red, the light is not on

What is “Framing“ in decision making ? ( Short Phrase)

Decision- making behavior changes depending on the context ( same facts, but different emphatisch on gains or losses)

According to the Concept of „Elimination by Aspects“ under Bounded Rationality, what is the primary method individuals use to make decisions?

Individuals randomly select an option from the available choices

Individuals sequentially focus on and eliminate options that do not meet their most important criteria

Individuals choose the Option with the most attributes that matches their preferences.

Individuals choose the option that are more easily remembered

According to the section on Probability Estimation, what is the “Base Rate Problem”?

The tendency to accurately estimate probabilities using heuristics

The ability to automate probability estimations based on different informations

The reliance on detailed data to make probability estimations

The frequent neglect of base rate informations when estimating probabilities

Which of the following statements are correct ?

People mostly make decisions based on the highest expected utility

The normative Theory of decision-making deals with how a rational actor would act under ideal conditions

Heuristics play a role in the descriptive theory of decision making

Bounded rationality describes the change in decision-making behavior according to context.

Which statements apply to anthropomentry?

Measurements of the human body

-Cost effective production objects advantageous in terms of usability and convenience

-Defining the target group important: fit between population of the data set

-General dimensions in the measurement criteria: height, width, depth and distance

What are the relevant questions of hand tools?

-How often is it used?

-How is it used?

-What is the function?

-What are the risks of using it?

Choose the optimal workplace

-Wiring or light assembly: 180 cm

-High priority: head movements

-Standing posture for work with high mobility and forces

-Position of the sreen: Neck bent by 10-15 degree

What are the relationships between lighting and performance?

-Performance-enhancing effect of lighting in visual tasks

-No compensation of task difficulty through lighting

-Influence is in every task

-Individual adaptility is conducive to productivity

Select the correct answers to the topic stress in environmental ergonomics

-Acute stress are immediate events, intense and performance-impairing

-Chronic stress is over a longer period of time, physical and psychological damage

-Hypervigilance is a panic state in which memory spin is reduced & thinking is simplified

-3 stress classes: physical stressors, social stressors and drugs

Call 3 interventions of occupational stress

E.g.: stress management training, cognitive-behavioral training, debriefing programs, employee support training, job redesign, organizational changes

What are the 4 level of personal space?

-Intimate distance (around the body)

-Personal distance (within an arm length)

-Social/consultative distance (no contact expected)

-Public distance (speakers with an audience)

Team performance and groupware

-Teamwork is important to creative problem solving

-Performance depends only on size

-Groupware and teamware for virtual teams: support communication, exchange and solution finding

-Roles for team members are mostly identically

Call the 4 Leadership styles:

Explorative authoritative, benevolent authoritative, consultative, participative

What does the RT depends on?

-Speed vs. accuracy priority

-Warning interval

-Amount of uncertainty

-Practice

Related to the multitasking model: What happens if Response selection 2 is extended?

-RT 1 shows no change

-RT 1 takes longer

-RT 2 shows change

-RT 2 shows no change

Fill the gap with one word:

drunk people produce __________ fast actions as controls

(right word: similarly)

What is the correct order of spatial coding compatibility in the stimulus-response compatibility principle?

direct < mirrored < random

random < direct < mirrored

mirrored < direct < random

mirrored < random < direct

Which principle states that the clockwise control turns move the pointer right / up?

clockwise to increase principle

Warrick's principle

clockwise to right / to up principle

scale-side principle

What types of similarities are distinguished in the dimensional overlap?

conceptual similarity

physical similarity

mental similarity

structural similarity, outcome similarity

environmental similarity

Zur Gestaltung der Beleuchtung eines Tunnels, damit man am Tag nicht so geblendet wird, wie sollte diese sein?

helle Lichter am Anfang

helle Lichter am Ende

dunkle Lichter am Anfang

dunkle Lichter am Ende

Das Konzept des Workload gehört zuwelcher Theorie?

unitary resource theory

multiple resource theory

early selection

late selection

zum designen eines Weckers in der Dunkelheit welche Farbe, damit man nicht aus der Dunkeladaption rauskommt/auf das Tagsehen umschaltet?

rot

blau

gelb

grün

Ich gestalte ein visuelles Display bzw. Computerschnittstelle, was muss ich hierbei beachten

die serielle Suchzeit erhöht sich mit der Anzahl der dargebotenen Items

einfache und einzigartige Infos werden schnell erkannt

die parallele Suche

Additionslogik

ist eine Methode der mentalen Chronometrie

unterliegen einem extrem seriellen Prozess

(irgendwas mit sich beeinflusseden Aufgabensind auf der selben Stufe des Verarbeitungsprozesses)

berechnet die RT für einzelne mentale Operationen

Wann sollte man für ein Warnsignal besser ein auditives als ein visuelles Display verwenden?

wenn Nachricht komplex ist

wenn Nachricht lang ist

wenn Person in Bewegung ist

wenn Nachricht zum sofortigen handeln aufruft

Was ist bei der Gestaltung von akustischen Warnsignalen gut

die Entfernung vom Geräusch spielt eine große Rolle

gut für zeitliche Informationen

Was trifft auf Sternbergs Paradigma zu?

die Suche ist erschöpfend

die Zeit für die Suche nimmt mit der Anzahl der Items linear zu

die Zeit für die Suche nimmt mit der Anzahl der Items exponentiell zu

die Suche ist selbstabschließend

Was ist die Aufgabe von Human Factors Experten?

Gestaltung von Systemen für bessere Sicherheit, Wohlbefinden der Arbeiter

Verbesserung der Systemeffizienz?

Verbesserung der Leistung von MitarbeiterInnen

irgendwas mit Produktdesign

Roter Knopf an alten Tastaturen (offene Frage: 2 Wörter eintragen)

Element erster Ordnung:--> da Geschwindigkeit beeinflusst wird

isometrisch, da es sich selbst nicht bewegt, aber auf Krafteinwirkung reagiert

Was sind Einflussfaktoren beim motorischen lernen?

Erschöpfung

Variabilität der Übung

Übungsverteilung

Menge an Übung

Wie kann man Wissen besser im Langzeitgedächtnis speichern?

vertieftes Lernen

Mnemotechniken

retrocueing

externe Cues

humus faktorial

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