Computer Networking

A web server hosts websites and web applications. Clients access web pages by using web browsers to request and receive web content.

A file server stores corporate and user files, providing clients with access to documents, images, videos, and other file types.

Yes, additional server types include database servers (managing databases), DNS servers (resolving domain names), print servers (managing printing tasks), and application servers (running specific applications and services for clients).

Yes, a device can serve as both client and server in Peer-to-Peer networks, but it's best for very small networks.

- Easy to set up

- Less complex

- Lower cost

- And its used for simple tasks: transferring files and sharing printers

- No centralized administration

- Not as secure

- Not scalable

- Slower performance

Is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device.

An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.

Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary device, including:

• Regenerate and retransmit data signals.

• Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network.

• Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.

Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message to travel from source to destination.

Media Types                                                                            Description

Metal wires within cables                                                        Uses electrical impulses

Glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable)           Uses pulses of light.

Wireless transmission                                                             Uses modulation of specific frequencies of electromagnetic waves.

often called topology diagrams, use symbols to represent devices within the network.

A Network Interface Card is a hardware component that enables a computer or device to connect to a network. It is responsible for physically connecting the device to the network medium, be it wired or wireless. NICs have unique hardware addresses called MAC (Media Access Control) addresses, which are crucial for identifying devices on a network.

A physical port is a specific connector or socket on a network device, such as a switch, router, or hub, that allows the device to connect to other devices or network segments. Physical ports can be Ethernet ports, USB ports, or other types of connectors, and they are where you plug in cables to establish network connections.

In the context of networking, an interface is a point of interaction between a device or system and the network. It can refer to a hardware interface, like a physical port, or a software interface that allows data to flow in and out of a device. For instance, a router might have multiple interfaces, each connecting to a different network segment.

Interchangeably, but they may refer to either physical or logical connection points, depending on the context. While a physical port is a tangible connection point, an interface can also represent a logical connection that allows data to pass between different network segments within a device or system.

Illustrate the physical location of intermediary devices and cable installation

Illustrate devices, ports, and the addressing scheme of the network.

Common types of networks include:

• Small Home Networks: Connecting a few computers to each other and the Internet.
• Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Networks: Enabling home or remote office computers to connect to a corporate network.
• Medium to Large Networks: Spanning many locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected computers.
• World Wide Networks: Such as the internet, connecting hundreds of millions of computers worldwide.

• Size of the area covered

• Number of users connected

• Number and types of services available

• Area of responsibility

• Local Area Network (LAN)

• Wide Area Network (WAN).

• Spans a small geographic area such as a home, school, office building, or campus.

• Usually administered by a single organization or individual.

• Provides high speed bandwidth to end and intermediary devices within the network.

stands for "Local Area Network is a network that connects devices within a small area, like a home or office. It's used for local communication and resource sharing, such as file sharing and printing.

Stands for Wide Area Network, connects devices over a larger geographic area, like across cities or even countries. It's for long-distance communication, connecting remote offices, and accessing the internet.

WANs interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas such as between cities, states, or

countries.

• Usually administered by multiple service providers.

• WANs typically provide slower speed links between LANs.

a worldwide collection of interconnected LANs and WANs.

WANs

copper wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless transmissions.

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force )

 ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers )

 IAB (Internet Architecture Board )

An intranet is a private collection of LANs and WANs internal to an organization, accessible only to the organization's members or authorized individuals.

An organization can use an extranet to provide secure access to their network for individuals from a different organization who require access to their data on the network.

Popular internet access technologies for these users include broadband cable, broadband digital subscriber line (DSL), wireless WANs, and mobile services.

Organizations need faster connections to support activities such as IP phones, video conferencing, and data center storage.

Business-class interconnections may include business DSL, leased lines, and Metro Ethernet.

Cable internet offers high bandwidth and is always on.

DSL is a high bandwidth internet connection that runs over a telephone line