Interactive Computer Graphics

Interactive Computer Graphics - JMU Bachelor Informatik

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Flashcards	272
Language	English
Category	Computer Science
Level	University
Created / Updated	27.07.2022 / 31.07.2022
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What is true for Photo Realism?

Photo Realism is a property of an image.

Photo realistic images can be generated by women.

Photo realism necessitates the use of a physical camera.

Photo realism can describe the production of a sculpture.

How can light interact with objects?

It gets absorbed and disappears.

It refracts by passing through the surface.

It bounces and cintinues on a curved path.

Which are physical models for light?

The proton description.

The back propagation.

The particle view.

What is true for Photons in the Photon-based Light Propagation Model?

Photons are eventually completely absorbed.

Every photon passes the pupil to reach the retina.

Photons may create stimulus responses

When creating an image with photon forward propagation …

you will have to create many photons.

many photons won’t reach the camera.

you need to simulate photon-material interactions.

the computing power is used efficiently.

has a variant known as photon mapping.

Photon backward propagation …

only considers photons which hit the camera.

follows photon paths from target.

has a variant known as photon mapping.

simulates a global light transport.

follows photon paths from source.

Which are requirements for raytracing?

Photons

Camera (description/model)

Scene description

Scene graph

Which kind of algorithms are required for raytracing?

Calculation of closest intersection between ray and scene.

Assessment of similarities between spheres and the image canvas.

Determination of incoming Radiance at point of intersection.

Processing of curvature of photon rays.

Which order of pseudo code instructions is necessary for the raytracing algorithm?

camera.generateRay → image.set → shade → scene.intersect

camera.generateRay → scene.intersect → shade → image.set

shade → scene.intersect → image.set → camera.generateRay

What is true of a ray starting at point x₀ that runs in direction d?

It is defined as a half line.

The parameter t of the parametric form is of range [0, 1].

Its parametric form is: x(t) = d + t * x₀

Its parametric form is: x(t) = x₀ + t * d

How many intersections can there be when testing ray-sphere intersections?

In which case are there no intersections of a plane defined by

n · x - d = 0

and a ray defined as

x(t) = x₀ + t · d'

n · d' = 0

n · d' = 1

n · (x₀ + t · d') - d = 0

How are vectors represented?

as scalar

as n-tupels

as a field K

How long is the vector resulting from a cross product?

Equal to the sine of the angle between the operands.

Equal to the area of the parallelogram defined by the operands.

Equal to the length of the longer operand.

What is the length of vector (2, 1, 0)?

√3

√5

A vector is defined by?

amplitude and phase

altitude and elevation

magnitude and direction

attitude and length

What is shading?

The attribution of a color value to a point of a pixel of the screen.

Running a shader on the graphics card.

The result of a ray intersection with objects for ray tracers.

Which are interpretations of light?

wave

hypercube

double helix

particle

How is the light vector l defined?

As the perpendicular to the light direction.

As the opposite to the light direction.

As the normalized light direction.

What is Radiance?

The irradiance over the surface of a sensor.

The density of light flow per area and incoming direction.

The light-proof enclosure to restrict directions of light.

Which relationships describe the contribution of light rays hit an object for the irradiance?

The flatter the angle of irradiance, the higher the contribution to the incident radiation.

The steeper the angle of irradiance, the higher the contribution to the incident radiation.

Negative angles / angles greater than of irradiance are not possible.

The total irradiation is the sum of all light passing through a unit area per second.

Which light model describes following light behaviors the best?

emission
absorption

Quantum theory

Special Relativity

Wave optics

Geometrical optics

Which light model describes following light behaviors the best?

blueshift
time dilatation
aberration
redshift

Quantum theory

Special Relativity

Wave optics

Geometrical optics

Which light model describes following light behaviors the best?

dispersion
diffraction
interference

Quantum theory

Special Relativity

Wave optics

Geometrical optics

Which light model describes following light behaviors the best?

refraction
reflection

Quantum theory

Special Relativity

Wave optics

Geometrical optics

What is equivalent to the irradiance?

The cosine of the light’s incidence angle arriving at the surface.

The coefficient of randomness describing light directions the surface is lit from.

The sum of energies of photons passing through the surface in one second.

How is the smoothness parameter in light simulations modified to account for increased scattering on the macro levels?

The smoothness parameter is increased.

The smoothness parameter is decreased.

The smoothness parameter is kept constant.

Which scattering type interacts with the interior of an object?

Refraction

Transmission

Reflection

The ambient lighting in the Phong Lighting Model …

depends on the surface normal.

yields the same reflected ambient energy for every object.

models direct light off of a light source.

simulates a global light contribution.

models indirect light contributions.

Which values are needed in the formula of the Diffuse Phong Lighting calculation?

position of light source

surface normal

position of observer / camera

ambient material coefficient

Lambertian surfaces …

emit more radiant intensity the closer an observer approaches the surface.

show radiant intensity between the direction of the incident light and the surface normal.

have the same apparent radiance from all viewing angles.

vary their surface normal along a hemisphere centered in the intersection point.

approximate metal surfaces for large diffuse material coefficients and low angles of the incident light and the surface normal.

An observer is holding a flash light next to the eye illuminating the ground in front of her. The ground is represented as a perfect plane. When looking at the horizon, which of the three part(s) of the Phong model do(es) (almost) not contribute?

ambient

specular

diffuse

Using a function yielding intensity values of each point on an object using Phong’s reflectance model is called ...

shading

lighting

lightning

A sphere has a smaller, more pronounced specular highlight than an other sphere if …

the angle between the perfect reflection direction and the direction to the observer is smaller.

the shininess material coefficient is larger.

the angle between the incident light direction and the surface normal is larger.

the specular material coefficient is smaller.

Ambient light directly simulates …

the sun.

indirect lighting.

direct light from artificial sources in the scene.

Which postulation explains the direction of a refraction vector?

Snell’s law

Fresnel equation

Prism lemma

Plano-Convex Algorithm

What is the critical angle for refractions?

The largest angle of incidence resulting in refraction.

The smallest angle of reflection without refraction.

The angle of an even energy split between refraction and reflection.

Assuming a unit vector l pointing from the surface to a light source and a surface normal n, which is the solution for the reflection vector r?

r = 2(n * l)n - l

r = 2(l * n)l - n

r = 2(l * n)n - l

r = 2(n * l)l - n

The Fresnel Equation …

calculates the magnitude of refraction.

calculates the direction of reflection.

results from Maxwell’s wave equation.

assumes elimination coefficient 1.

How do you calculate the magnitude of reflection?

|t| = (1 - F)|i|

|t| = |i| - |i|F

|r| = F|i|

r = 2(l * n)n - l

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Interactive Computer Graphics

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