Cartes mémoires Internal diseases (Seite 2 von 5)

Cartes-fiches	197
Langue	Deutsch
Catégorie	Médecine
Niveau	Université
Crée / Actualisé	25.06.2022 / 27.06.2022
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41. So-called accessory respiratory muscles are listed below, except for:

a) the platysma

b) sternocleidomastoid

c) external intercostal

d) diaphragm

42. Hyperresonance over the chest is noted on percussion in:

a) emphysema

b) pneumothorax

c) atelectasis

d) after pneumonectomy

43. The main cause of COPD is:

a) repeated respiratory tract infections in childhood

b) poor social status

c) cigarette smoking

44. Cor pulmonale (Altered structure/impaired functioning of the right ventricle) can be associated by:

a) clubbing of fingers

b) peripheral (pedal) edema

c) weight loss

d) all of above

45. Which statement applying to the physiologic S2 split is not true:

a) its first component is the aortic one

b) its intensity is greatest in the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces close to sternum

c) it can be heard in the late inspiration

d) it is caused by closure of tricuspid valve

46. Austin-Flint murmur is:
1. caused by aortic valve insufficiency
2. caused by pulmonary valve insufficiency 3. caused by tricuspid valve insufficiency 4. present in pulmonary hypertension
5. a diastolic murmur
6. is a holosystolic murmur

a) 2, 4

b) 1, 5

c) 3, 6

d) 1, 6

e) 2, 5

47. The 34-year old woman presents with a systolic murmur which intensity is the greatest over apex and is radiating to the left axilla. What do you suspect:

a) mitral valve insufficiency

b) aortic stenosis

c) aortic valve insufficiency

d) B and C are true

e) non of the statements is true

48. Which of the following statement is true:

a) S3 is never physiological

b) S4 is a high-frequency sound

c) ventricular gallop is caused by decreased myocardial contractility and diastolic compliance, myocardial failure, and volume overloading of a ventricle

d) diastolic murmurs are between S1 and S2

e) all statements are true

49. Blood pressure 145/67 mmHg is:

a) normal

b) a hypertension

c) a hypotension

d) the interpretation depends on the age

50. Increased amplitude of the apical impulse/beat will not be present in:

a) hypothyroidism

b) severe anemia

c) left ventricle pressure overload

d) fever

e) in all situations will be present

1. Yellow appearance of sclera reflects:

a) inadequate oxygenation of hemoglobin

b) hyperbilirubinemia

c) damage of cranial nerve 7

2. Conjunctiva is a:

a. white outer covering of the eyeball

b. central opening in the iris of the eye

c. thin transparent membrane covering sclera and inner surface of the eyelids

3. What is Valsalva maneuver?

a-autonomic nervous control of the heart

c-Reduced venous return and compensation

d-cardiac output and blood flow to the body remains low. During this time the pulse rate increases (compensatory tachycardia).

e- All of the above are correct

5. Left-side hydrothorax is highly probable to occur in:

a) tuberculosis

b) acute pancreatitis

c) rupture of gastric ulcer

d) right-side pneumothorax

e) all statements are true

6. List at least 4 groups of lymph nodes located on the head and the neck.

1) auricular (pre-, posterior)

2) occipital

3) submandibular

4) submental

5) cervial

6) clavicular (supra-, infra-)

7. Malignant lymph nodes in contrast to infected ones usually are:

a) tender

b) enlarged

c) firm

d) fixed

e) only b+c+d are true

8. External ear structures examination is focused on observation. Particular attention should be paid to:

a) skin changes (e.g. malignancies)

b) changes in shape of external ear structures (e.g. congenital malformations)

c) discharge from the external ear canal

d) all of the above

9. The nose examination

is usually omitted in the absence of complaints

routinely comprises olfaction examination

often requires sampling for bacterial culture

all answers are true

10. Symptoms associated with chronic sinusitis include the following, except for:

facial pain

nasal discharge

nasal congestion

nasal bleeding

headache

11. The absence of transillumination of the maxillary sinus reflects:

a) the thickening of mucosa covering the upper mouth

b) the presence of fluid in the sinus

c) the absence of transillumination reflects the physiological status

12. The normal pharynx has a dull red color (1) and is frequently covered with white exudates (2).

a) first statement is true and the second statement is false

b) first statement is false and the second statement is true

c) both statements are true

d) both statements are false

13. The parotid glands are located on either side of the lower neck (1) and their entries in the mouth can not be visible (2).

a) first statement is true and the second statement is false

b) first statement is false and the second statement is true

c) both statements are true

d) both statements are false

14. Describe the localization of the thyroid gland.

inferior to the larynx and anterior to the trachea

a

15. Nodules within the thyroid gland

a) are variant of normal status

b) are doubtlessly pathologic and require further examination

c) reflect the malignancy

d) are usually not found because the most common appearance of the thyroid gland pathology is its overall homogenous enlargement

16. Tachyarrhythmia is a typical symptom of thyreotoxicosis (1) and ventricular extrasystolia is the most common type of arrhythmia in this case.

a) first statement is true and the second statement is false

b) first statement is false and the second statement is true

c) both statements are true

d) both statements are false

17. Hypothyroidism is characterized by the following signs and symptoms except for:

a) tachycardia

b) hoarse voice

c) myxedema

d) constipation

18. The examination of abdomen comprises four components: observation, percussion, palpation and auscultation.

a) routine exam focuses on palpation; when there are no abdominal complaints other components can be omitted

b) auscultation should be performed before percussion and palpation

c) percussion is of lower importance; the localization of organs in abdomen is routinely elicited from X-ray exam

d) percussion over bowels reveals a dull note

19. For medical purposes abdomen is divided into 9 regions.

a) the epigastrium and the hypochondriac regions are the lowest ones

b) the umbilical region is localized between two iliac regions

c) the lumbar region is localized below the hypochondriac region

d) the liver is localized in right lumbar region

20. Bending the patient’s knees during an abdominal examination is helpful, because:

a) it allows to relax abdominal musculature

b) it is more comfortable for the patient

c) it relaxes bowels, which are normally tensed in supine position

d) it is helpful only in very fat patients

21. Global abdominal distension can be caused by:

a) fluid collection

b) air collection

c) fat collection

d) single organomegaly (e.g. hepatomegaly)

e) a+b+c are true

22. Differentiation between air, fluid or fat collection as a cause of abdominal enlargement is possible on visual inspection (1) and requires standing of the investigator at the patient’s head (2).

a) first statement is true and the second statement is false

b) first statement is false and the second statement is true

c) both statements are true

d) both statements are false

23. Describe principal differences between somatic and visceral abdominal pain.

Somatic pain is in the muscles, bones, or soft tissues. Visceral pain comes from your internal organs and blood vessels.

Somatic pain (musculoskeletal pain): localized, sharp pain that varies in duration and quality (Aδ fibers)
Visceral pain: dull, diffuse, deep pain (C fibers)

24. There is a lot of variability of bowel sounds frequency. Usually they occur every:

a) 1-2 seconds

b) 2-5 seconds

c) 5-10 seconds

d) 10-20 seconds

25. Quiet abdomen on auscultation:

a) reflects an inflammation of the serosa (outermost layer of GIT)

b) is a normal variant of bowel sounds

c) is pathognomonic for inflammatory process of the intestinal mucosa

d) is a symptom of very low importance in abdominal examination

26. The total span of the normal liver in mid-clavicular line do not exceed on percussion:

a) 6 cm

b) 10 cm

c) 12 cm

d) 15 cm

27. The localization of renal artery auscultation area is:

a) 3 cm below the umbilicus and 3 cm laterally to the central anterior line

b) 5 cm above umbilicus

c) 3-4 cm above the umbilicus and along lateral edge of rectus muscles

d) in lumbar region

28. Typical signs of renal colic are:

1) gripping pain

2) pain radiates to the groins and scrotum

3) positive Rovsing’s sign

4) nausea

5) pain radiaties to the left scapula

a) 1, 3, 4

b) 1, 2, 5

c) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

d) 1, 2, 4

29. Risk factors for nephrolithiasis are:
1. anatomical changes in urinary tract
2. hyperparathyroidism
3. high protein diet
4. high fluid intake
5. hot, dry climate

a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b) 2, 4, 5

c) 1, 2, 3, 5

d) 1, 2, 4

30. Match sentences:

1. oliguria
2. anuria
3. polyuria

A. < 500 ml/24 h
B < 1000 ml/24 h
C < 100 ml/24 h
D > 1000 ml/24 h
E > 3000 ml/24 h

a) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D

b) 1-B, 2-C, 3-E

c) 1-A, 2-C, 3-E

31. Urinary tract infection are promoted by:
1. urinary tract obstruction
2. vesicoureteral reflux
3. diabetes
4. urolithiasis
5. immunosuppression

a) 1, 2, 3, 4

b) 2, 3, 4, 5

c) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Internal diseases

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