Internal diseases

Start of test criteria for the forced expiratory maneuver (spirometry) include:

33-year old woman with pleuritic chest pain is seen in the office. During physical exam what findings would stronlgy suggest accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity?

Nail clubbing is deformity of the fingers and:

high dietary sodium is recommended for chronic heart failure to maintain adequate blood pressure (1) and should exceed 5 g per day (2)

Cyanosis is more readily apparent in:

The reddening of the palms, especially at the thenar, as known as palmar erythema 

Jaundice is generally seen when concentration of bilirubin in the blood exceeds:

Stretch marks of the skin:

Renal colicky pain produced by kidney stones is

Murphy's sign has a high sensitivity and positive predictive value (1) and in the elderly the sensitivity is markedly lower (2)

body mass index measured body fat directly (1) and is definded as the individual's body weight divided by the square of the body height (2)

In spirometry airways obstruction is defined by:

Castell's sign is a physical exam to evaluate

The following statement about breathlessness is false

Inspiratory capacity is defined as:

FVC is the maximal volume of air exhaled with maximally forced effort from a level of full inspiration (1), and in healthy subjects FVC is generally higher than VC (vital capacity) (2)

FEV1/FVC ratio depends on 

The end of test criterion for the forced expiratory manouver (spirometry) include: 

An adequate lung function test (spirometry) requires acceptable forced expiratory curves 

Obstruction of airways is associated with

The pattern of LFT changes: FEV1/FVC (reduced) + FEV1 (reduced) + FVC (normal) is characteristic of 

The pattern of flow-volume curve shown on the graph is characteristic of 

Very severe obstruction is defined as FEV1

The Trendelenburg test the time of filling of the saphenous vein in normal subject should be not less than 

The ankle-brachial index is very sensitive and specific for PAD. The limitation for the test is:

Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is:

The heart chamber indicated on the radiograph with an arrow is 

mMRC dyspnea scale is used to assess the severity of symptoms in COPD (1), and grade 3 means "I get short of breath when hurrying on level ground or walking up a slight hill" (2)

Pneumonia is considered nosocomial if it:
(1) appears 48h or more after hospital admission
(2) appears within 3 days after discharge from hosptial 
(3) appears within 48h after hospital admission
(4) appears more than 3 days after discharge from hospital 

37-year old woman is admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain. After physical examination you decided that she needs urgent surgical intervention. What are the signs that indicate the diagnosis?

Physical activity (regular aerobic 30-45 min exercises in most days of the week) is recommended for patients with hypertension and can reduce on average the systolic blood pressure by 

A 35-year old woman is evaluated because of epigastric pain radiating to the back and vomiting. She has no significant medial histroy, takes no medication, and occasionally has a glass of wine. The physical examination: the temperature of 38C, pulse rate od 110/min, blood pressure of 110/75 mmHg, severe epigastric tenderness with voluntary guarding, bowel sounds hyperactive.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Put in ascening order (from the lowest to the highest) five-year cancer survival rates (%)

(1) lung

(2) pancreas

(3) prostate

(4) colon

(5) breast

Palpaple arteries 

Diabetic diagnose tests. Match up test and appropriate threshold value:

(1) FPG fast plasma glucose)
(2) OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test)
(3) A1C (glycated hemoglobin)

(I) ≥6.5%
(II) ≥126 mg/dL
(III) ≥200 mg/dL

Nearsightedness is defined as:

75-year old woman is admitted to the ED with severe resting dyspnea. Which of the following would strongly suggest that she has decompensated left-sided heart failure?