Internal diseases

1. List three most common causes of crackles heard on chest auscultation.

2. Pathologic bronchial sound is not characteristic for:

3. List main pulmonary areas for routine auscultation.

4. Adventitious sounds characteristic of asthma are:

5. Auscultation of subject with pneumothorax reveals findings except for:

7. Physical examination of COPD subject reveals symptoms listed below except for:

8. Fluid collected between parietal and visceral pleura is known as:

9. In most respiratory illness, what symptom is present in 80% to 90% of the patients?

10. What is the name for the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing?

11. Calculate the pack-year history of a patient who has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes a day for the past 8 years.

12. What is the normal inspiratory-expiratory ratio of vesicular sound (on auscultation) in adults?

13. What is the normal inspiratory-expiratory ratio cycle of bronchile sound (on auscultation) in adults ?

In which clinical case would hyperresonance over the chest be heard (on percussion)?

14. Chest percussion is a useful diagnostic clinical tool in:

15. Pain localized on a left side of a chest, nonradiating, with no tenderness over the affected area and worsening by deep breathing or coughing can be referred to:

16. Cyanosis, the bluish color of the skin, occurs whenever the reduced hemoglobin exceeds:

17. What is the maximal range of normal blood pressure in adults?

18. Which added lung sound is characterized as a high-pitched one?

19. Funnel chest is characterized by

20. Dullness to percussion of the chest can be found in

21. Lung consolidation (i.e. pneumonia) is characterized by:

(1) dullness on percussion;

(2) hyperresonance on percussion

(3) bronchial sound presence;

(4) bronchial sound absence

(5) increased fremitus;

(6) decreased fremitus

22. What is the normal inspiratory-expiratory ratio in respiratory cycle in adults?

23. List main cardiac areas for routine auscultation.

24. The first heart sound (S1) is created by closure of the:

25. Precordial chest pain, accompanying the exercise, characterized by crushing tightness and radiating to the neck, shoulders or arms can be referred to:

26. Hemoptysis can reflect entities listed below, except for:

27. Clubbing of fingers is a manifestation of:

28. Bradycardia is a heart rate less than

29. Central Venous Pressure can be assessed by observation of

30. Localization of PMI (point of maximum impulse) is:

31. Physiologic splitting of S2 comprises two components

32. Patients with COPD and emphysema often have very soft heart murmurs (1) because of lung hyperinflation and rotation of the heart away from the chest wall (2)

33. Extra heart sound S4 is

(1) a low pitched sound;

(2) follows S2;

(3) precedes S1;

(4) can be physiological in children

(5) is better heard when the subject is positioning on its left side;

(6) always is pathologic

34. Grade 5 in the rating system for heart murmurs is referred to as:

35. Murmur which is systolic, is best heard in 5th intercostal space on the left in mid-clavicular line, is getting louder when you move your stethoscope towards the axilla, is getting louder when you roll the patient onto their left side, is generated by:

36. Pulmonic valve murmurs are difficult to hear (1) due to the relatively low pressures generated by the right side of the heart (2)

37. Diffuse PMI which is felt in 6th intercostal space and 2 cm left to the left mid-clavicular line indicates

38. Heart sounds heard over the right second intercostal space near the right sternal border originate from the:

39. What blood pressure value is referred to as hypotension?

40. The normal oral temperature range is referred to as: