Social Psychology Questions

When people are categorized on an arbitrary or trivial basis into groups that have no history, conflicts of interest, or stereotypes, ________ groups are formed.

The social identity theory argues that people are motivated to derive positive ________ from their group memberships.

Members of an out-group are ________ excluded when rules of justice and civility do not apply to them, but only to the in-group.

When members of a stigmatized group are aware of people’s negative stereotypes about the abilities of their group’s members, they will experience stereotype __________.

Being stigmatized leads to lowered self-esteem and harms _________.

_________ comparisons boost self-esteem by showing us we are better off than some others and remind us of in-group members who are doing well.

Individual __________ involves individual escape from membership of a negative group, either through disidentification or dissociation.

Publicly criticizing and devaluating an in-group member’s poor performance is known as the black _________ effect.

__________ is the act of escaping from a negatively stereotyped group.

The social ___________ strategy involves redefining group characteristics in positive terms by introducing and emphasizing alternative dimensions.

The strategy to improve the overall societal situation by confronting and challenging the hierarchy of group domination is termed the _______ change strategy.

Engaging in social __________ means taking direct action to improve the relative position, status, power, and resources of the in-group.

The _________ ideology holds that race should not affect the way people are treated, and should therefore be disregarded and even actively ignored.

When people suspect that their attitudes differ from what most other people think, they are ________ to express their attitudes.

Expressing your attitude about abortion because this attitude is crucial to who you are is an example of the ________   ________ or value expressive function of attitudes.

Adverts that emphasize functions of attitudes that are ________ with cultural ideals are more persuasive.

Most of the time we process information ________.

When people form attitudes based on persuasion heuristics, rather than thinking about the attitude object itself, Petty and Cacioppo (1981, 1986) describe them as taking the _________ route to persuasion.

Adding popular music to an advert for an attitude object will make that object more _________.

According to the "mere exposure effect", the more often you get in contact with an attitude object, the more _________ your evaluation will be.

Thinking that the recommendation of a judge is more persuasive than that of a drug dealer is an example of the _________ heuristic.

According to the message-length heuristic, your speech is more convincing when it is quite _________.

When people process _______, they think about aspects of the attitude object that go beyond the evaluations associated with communicators and messages.

The process of generating favorable or unfavorable reactions to the content of a message is called _____.

When both heuristic cues and information about message content are available, people will process in a  _________ way.

People process messages systematically only when they have both the ________ and the cognitive capacity to do so.

When people lack capacity and motivation it is likely that they process information in a __________ way.

Alcohol myopia might _________ safe sex if superficial cues are made salient.

People with a _________ need for cognition are more likely to put effort into processing persuasive communications.

Promotion focused people are more persuaded by _________-oriented appeals.

Attitudes of ________ people are more likely to reflect associations based on heuristic cues.

People tend to _________ their invulnerability to persuasive appeals.

Conscious processing typically _________ subliminal influences.

Head nodding and shaking are an example of how people can form _______ based on the associations with those actions.

Self-perception theory states that people infer their attitudes by observing their own __________.

The foot-in-the-door technique often triggers self- ________ processes, so that people infer that their attitude must be consistent with their behavior.

The two crucial conditions that are needed for the foot-in-the-door technique to influence attitudes are that performing the initial request should be meaningful and must seem purely _________.

People who are more concerned with consistency (e.g. always behaving in line with their attitudes) are  _______ easily influenced by the foot-in-the-door technique.

People tend to process information superficially when attitudes are __________.

The final necessary step for actions to produce dissonance and attitude change involves individuals attributing their experienced physiological arousal to the _______ between their behavior and their attitude.