Social Psychology Questions

Often, when people have freely chosen to act in a way that causes them suffering, they will start to _________ their goal even more.

When people have to decide among a set of alternatives, they often experience tension between the chosen alternative and the attractive features of the alternatives they have rejected. This experienced tension is called decisional ________.

When deciding how to reduce dissonance, people tend to use whatever means are most readily _______.

When freely chosen inconsistent actions are trivial or unimportant, self-perception processes can explain why attitudes are changed; but when the attitude is important or the discrepancy is extreme, cognitive __________ processes can explain the attitude change.

People are often unaware that attitudes can bias or even _________ their perceptions of attitude objects.

Getting people to form intentions ________ the chance that they will carry out the intended behavior.

_________ and opportunity to engage in thinking are necessary before attitudes can affect behavior with considerable thought.

For attitudes to have an effect on behavior, they must come to mind at the right ________.

When people are led to deliberate about something other than the relevant attitude, consistency between attitude and behavior will ________.

Attitudes that come to mind frequently lead to more _______ behavior.

For important attitudes, implicit and explicit attitudes are ________, and so they work together to guide both spontaneous and controlled behaviors.

People will not act on attitudes if they do not have a perception of personal ________.

Groups seek to reach agreement and individual members accept being influenced by others because of their need to _________ the world and the need to be connected by others.

________ reflect the group’s generally accepted way of thinking, feeling, or acting.

People adopt opinions of other group members, whether the situation is _________ or not.

When people are pressured to get along with social norms while privately thinking the group is wrong, this is a matter of _________ conformity.

The degree of conformity is higher in collectivistic than in __________ cultures.

People tend to overestimate the extent to which others agree with their views; this is termed the false ________ effect.

When people privately conform because they believe group norms reflect reality, the group has _________ influence.

A group has ________ influence when people conform to fulfill their need for connectedness.

When doing _________ tasks, the need for connectedness may take precedence over the need for mastery.

A _________ group is the group of people you turn to when needing support for a decision or evaluation.

When people process ________, merely relying on others’ positions can produce polarization of group norms as undecided or moderate group members move toward the group position.

__________  comparison with other group members makes people realize that they are not above average, and people adopt their initial position into a more extreme one.

The idea that initial preferences bias the kinds of arguments discussed and thus make the group’s view more extreme is called the _________ arguments explanation of group polarization.

When information is processed __________ group polarization occurs because majority arguments are more numerous, get more discussion, seem more compelling, and are presented as more compelling.

When publicly conforming to a group's norm that no one privately endorses, __________ ignorance exists.

Consistency in minority viewpoint is important because it conveys _________ to the viability of an alternative position.

The minority has to offer a consensus that is clearly _________ from the majority viewpoint.

Minority dissent promotes ________ processing.

Consensus is more likely to be accurate when adopting norms supporting __________.

Lewin believed that changes in behavior could best be accomplished by changing the prevailing __________.

Norms must be _________ before they can guide behavior.

The norm of social ________ directs us to return to others the good, services, and concessions they offer to us.

The ________  technique consists of making a large request and following its refusal with a concession that invokes the norm of reciprocity.

The norm of social __________ requires us to stand by our agreements and fulfill our obligations.

The low-ball technique is used when an influencer secures an agreement with a request but then _________ the size of that request by revealing hidden costs.

Even though it might be wise to walk away from a deal that is now less desirable, the discrepancy between our past commitment to the deal ('I gave my word!') and our possible withdrawal from it ('I’m thinking of backing out!') creates an uncomfortable arousal. This arousal is called cognitive ___________.

Obedience that occurs in hierarchical bureaucratic organizations is called ________ obedience.

The norm of _________ to authority is the shared view that people should obey commands given by a person with legitimate authority.