FHNW
Kartei Details
| Karten | 16 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | BWL |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 28.12.2020 / 28.12.2020 |
| Weblink |
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What is the definition of the global environment?
The set of global forces and conditions that operates beyond an organization’s boundaries but affects a manager’s ability to acquire and utilize resources.
What is a global organization?
- An organization that operates and competes in more than one country
- Uncertain and unpredictable
What is the definition of globalization?
The set of specific and general forces that work together to integrate and connect economic, political, and social systems across countries, cultures, or geographical regions so that nations become increasingly interdependent.
What are the forces in the global environment?
General Environment
Wide-ranging global forces that affect an organization and its task environment, No direct control
- technological forces
- sociocultural forces
- demographic forces
- political and legal forces
- economic forces
Task Enviornment
Forces that affect an organization’s ability to obtain inputs and dispose of its outputs, Influence managers daily
- Competitors
- Distributors
- Customers
- Suppliers
Describe the function of suppliers
Individuals and organizations that provide an organization with the input resources that it needs to produce goods and services
Raw materials, component parts, employees
Global outsourcing: The purchase or production of inputs or final products from overseas suppliers to lower costs and improve product quality or design
Describe the function of distributors
Organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services to customers
Powerful distributors can limit access to markets through its control of customers in those markets
Retailers, online platforms, trading companies, etc
Describe the function of customers
Individuals and groups that buy goods and services that an organization produces
A manager’s ability to identify an organization’s main customer groups offer them desired products is a crucial success factor
Describe the function of competitors
Organizations that produce goods and services that are similar to a particular organization’s goods and services
Rivalry between competitors is potentially the most threatening force that managers deal with
What are economic forces?
- Interest rates
- Inflation
- Unemployment
- Spending
- Investment
- Sentiment
- ...
What are technological forces?
Technology
The combination of skills and equipment that managers use in designing, producing, and distributing goods and services
Technological forces
Outcomes of changes in the technology that managers use to design, produce, or distribute goods and services
What are sociocultural forces?
Pressures emanating from the social structure of a country or society or from the national culture
Social structure
The traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society
National culture
The set of values that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society
What are demographic forces?
- Age
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Race
- Social class
- Educational level
- ...
What are political and legal forces?
- Deregulation of industries
- Privatization
- Environmental protection
What is Hofstede’s model of national culture (the role of national culture)?
Individualism
A worldview that values individual freedom and self- expression and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their individual achievements rather their social background
Collectivism
A worldview that values subordination of the individual to the goals of the group and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group
Achievement orientation
A worldview valuing assertiveness, performance, success, and competition
Nurturing orientation
A worldview valuing the quality of life, warm personal friendships, and services and care for the weak
Long-term orientation
A worldview that values thrift and persistence in achieving goals
Short-term orientation
A worldview that values personal stability or happiness and living for the present
What is power distance (Hofstede’s model of national culture)?
Degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals’ physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage.
Societies with high power distance tend to allow inequalities to persist or grow.
Opposite is the case in societies with low power distance (government uses taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality).
What is uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede’s model of national culture)?
The degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk.
Low uncertainty avoidance cultures are easygoing, value diversity, and tolerate differences in personal beliefs and actions.
High uncertainty avoidance societies are more rigid and expect high conformity in their citizens’ beliefs and norms of behavior.
