POM Chapter 06 - Managing in the Global Environment

Principles of Management POM Chapter 06 - Managing in the Global Environment

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Marco Kofel

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Which of the following is true of regional trade agreements?

They enforce regional restrictions on the cross-border flow of resources and reinforce import-tariffs

They expose companies based in one member country to increased competition from companies in other member countries.

They hinder the spread of globalization by setting up trade barriers between different countries of the same region.

They provide manufacturing organizations with fewer opportunities to reduce costs and provide managers with fewer threats.

They are created to reduce overall tariffs on goods that flow within a country and increase tariffs on goods that flow between regions.

Which of the following is an advantage of the establishment of free-trade
agreements?

They protect domestic industries and jobs by taxing goods imported from outlying regions.

They protect the well-being of people by restricting the flow of goods being exported from their country.

They reduce the impact of globalization by preventing the loss of capital from a country.

They provide managers with a threat-free environment to work within.

They provide manufacturing organizations with opportunities to reduce production costs.

The basic building blocks of national culture are

values and norms.

political and legal forces

ethnographic forces

corporate values and organizational culture

the task and general environment

_____ are beliefs about what a society considers to be good, right, desirable, or
beautiful.

Folkways

Values

Laws

Traditions

Which of the following is true of values?

Values are static and are impervious to change

Values are abstract concepts invested with emotional significance

Values are universally held beliefs and are identical across all societies

Values are easily changed and the changes are easily accepted

Values play a superficial role in a society's belief system

_____ are unwritten, informal codes of conduct that shape the behavior of people
toward one another and are held important by most members of society

Laws

Policies

Norms

Values

Philosophies

_____ are norms that are considered to be of central importance to the functioning of
society and to social life, the violation of which brings serious retribution

Folkways

Values

Ceremonies

Superstitions

Which of the following is true about mores?

They do not bring about serious retribution when violated.

They are often enacted into laws

They are identical across all societies

They concern routine social conventions of everyday life

They comprise the body of folklore handed down over generations

Which of the following is true of folkways?

They bring about serious retribution when violated.

They are the norms upon which fundamental laws are based.

They concern the routine social conventions of everyday life

They do not differ between societies.

They are central to the functioning of society

Which of the following is an example of a more?

Societal taboos which censure murder, theft, and incest

Social conventions that dictate the usage of different types of cutlery

Customs that govern social interaction between neighbors

Traditions that prescribe gender-appropriate clothing in social gatherings

Superstitions held important by different members of a society

Which of the following is an example of a folkway?

Laws in a country which make divorce permissible

Societal taboos that prohibit murder, theft, and incest

Religious doctrines which forbid the consumption of particular types of food

Laws which prescribe punishments for different types of offences

Societal conventions that concern gender-appropriate clothing

According to Hofstede, individualist societies:

value societal welfare over that of individual members of society

value personal freedom, personal success, and self-expression

emphasize subordination of the individual to the goals of the group

emphasize conformity to group norms and strong identification with the group

require individuals to put the needs of the group before their own.

According to Hofstede, collectivist societies:

emphasize self-expression, personal freedom, and individual rights.

adhere to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group

discourage individuals from placing societal welfare above their own.

adhere to the principle that people should be judged by their individual achievements

Lobo belongs to a society which values the subordination of the individual to the group
and discourages individual expressions of thought. Inequality in the power and wellbeing
of people is believed to be due to differences in their physical and intellectual
capabilities, and heritage. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, his society
is:

high on power distance and low on individualism

low on power distance and low on collectivism

high on individualism and low on achievement-orientation

low on collectivism and low on achievement-orientation

low on power distance and low on individualism

Which of the following, according to Hofstede, is characteristic of societies with high
power distance?

Inequalities between different classes in society are not allowed to develop

The government uses taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality.

Inequalities in the well-being of individuals are due to their work-achievements

The gap between the rich and poor is very large

Resources are communal and accessible to all members of society.

Which of the following, according to Hofstede, is characteristic of societies with low
power distance?

Large inequalities between different classes in society are allowed to develop.

The government uses taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality

Inequalities in the well-being of individuals are due to their birth and heritage

Inequalities in the power-system are put down to individuals' physical and mental capabilities.

The law reinforces the social and economic inequalities between different classes in society

Clara belongs to a society which values assertiveness, performance, competition, and
results. Her society also encourages freedom of expression and personal success, but
makes few provisions for the welfare of the weak. According to Hofstede's model of
national culture, which of the following is true of her society?

Her society has an achievement orientation and is high on individualism

Her society has an achievement orientation and is high on collectivism

Her society has a nurturing orientation and is low on individualism

Her society has a nurturing orientation and is low on performance orientation

Her society has a performance orientation and is high on collectivism

Max belongs to a society which is rigid and skeptical about people whose behaviors or
beliefs differ from the norm. His society also values warm, personal relationships over
success and performance. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, which of
the following is true of his society?

His society is low on uncertainty avoidance and has an achievement orientation

His society is high on uncertainty avoidance and has a nurturing orientation

His society is low on uncertainty avoidance and has a performance orientation

His society is high on uncertainty avoidance and has an achievement orientation

His society is low on uncertainty avoidance and has a nurturing orientation

Holly belongs to a culture which values the subordination of individuals to the group.
The national culture also values personal stability and living for the present. Which of
the following, according to Hofstede, is true of Holly's culture?

It is high on individualism and has a long-term orientation

It is low on collectivism and has a long-term orientation.

It is high on individualism and has a short-term orientation

It is high on collectivism and has a short-term orientation

It is low on collectivism and has a short-term orientation.

According to Hofstede, which of the following is true of countries with a long-term
orientation?

They have a high rate of per capita savings

Citizens prioritize happiness over achievement and perseverence

Citizens live for the present and value personal stability

Citizens tend to spend more and save less.

Organizations emphasize immediate results over year-end goals.

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