POM Chapter 02 - The Evolution of Management Thought

Principles of Management POM Chapter 02 - The Evolution of Management Thought

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Marco Kofel

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Language	English
Category	Micro-Economics
Level	University
Created / Updated	10.01.2020 / 15.01.2025
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Which of the following best reflects Mary Parker Follett’s views on management and
leadership in an organization?

Managers should avoid involving workers in analyzing their jobs to identify better ways to perform tasks as this could lead to employees underperforming

If workers have the relevant knowledge, then workers, rather than managers, should be in control of the work process itself.

The formal line of authority and vertical chain of command are the most essential steps to effective management

Members of different departments should avoid working together in crossdepartmental teams to accomplish projects in order to minimize duplication of effort.

Managers’ formal authority deriving from their position in the hierarchy should decide who will lead at any particular moment.

The human relations movement advocates that:

managers use punishments as a tool to elicit cooperation from employees.

the level of work group performance be controlled by workers

employees be monitored outside the workplace

supervisors be behaviorally trained to manage subordinates

supervisors make all the important decisions concerning the company

Which of the following revelations from different research studies came to be known as
the Hawthorne effect?

Group members subjecting those workers who violate the group norms to sanctions

Productivity increasing, regardless of the level of illumination in the workplace

Workers concealing the true potential efficiency of a work system to protect their interests

Workers’ productivity being affected more by the attention received from researchers than by the work setting

Employees in a “no-talking” workplace developing ways of talking to one another out of the sides of their mouths

_____ is the study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups
respond to and act in organizations.

Hawthorne studies

Organizational behavior

Management science

Scientific management

Administrative management

Which of the following practices was advocated by Mary Parker Follett?

Workers should not be allowed to participate in the work development process.

Authority should go with hierarchical positions rather than knowledge.

Managers should behave as monitors and supervisors

Workers should be allowed to exercise initiative in their everyday work lives

Members of each department should stick to their own department; crossfunctioning should be discouraged

Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory Y:

create a work setting that encourages commitment

give little autonomy to workers

focus on developing rules and procedures.

rely on rewards and punishments

view workers as lazy.

Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory X:

create a work setting that encourages commitment to organization goals

closely monitor workers to make sure that production is not affected

focus on giving employees opportunities to exercise initiative.

provide opportunities for workers to be imaginative

view workers as motivated and capable of exercising self-control

EZtronics’ approach to management is consistent with Theory Y because:

managers at EZtronics control workers’ behavior by means of rewards and punishments.

managers at EZtronics closely supervise their subordinates

managers at EZtronics do not believe in giving workers any autonomy in solving problems.

managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that allows workers to exercise initiative.

managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that reflects a belief that workers are lazy.

In the context of human relations movement and related studies, who among the
following is a “ratebuster?”

A person performing above the work group performance norm

A person performing below the work group performance norm

A person performing at the pace the manager requests

A person performing below the company performance standard

A person performing at a pace he feels matches his pay

The management theory that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to
assist managers to make the best use of organizational resources is called

contingency theory

management science theory

administrative management theory.

behavioral management theory

human relations theory

The aspect of management theory that uses mathematical techniques such as
modeling and simulation to help managers make better decisions is called:

behavioral management

contingency management

quantitative management

administrative management

human relations management

A company that wishes to increase the quality of its products should opt for _____, a
branch of management science that provides tools to analyze the company’s input,
conversion, and output activities.

Quantitative management

Operations management

Total quality management

Management information systems

Numerical management

Which of the following is true of an open system?

It is more likely to experience entropy than is a closed system

It uses resources from the external environment for internal processes, but does not return anything to the external environment.

The input, process, and output stages in the production process are performed in the external environment.

It is a self-contained system that is not affected by changes in its environment.

It takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers.

_____ refers to the tendency of a closed system to lose its ability to control itself, and
thus disintegrate.

Synergy

Entropy

Esprit de corps

Order

Equity

_____ is the performance gain caused by two or more departments coordinating their
efforts.

Synergy

Entropy

Esprit de corps

Order

Equity

_____ is the idea that the organizational structures and control systems that are chosen
by managers depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the
organization operates.

Equity theory

Contingency theory

Theory X

Theory Y

Behavioral management theory

The primary message of _____ is that there is no one best way to organize.

Theory X

administrative management theory

contingency theory

behavioral management theory

management science theory

If a manager designs the organizational hierarchy based on the characteristics of the
organizational environment, he is acting in accordance with _____.

Equity theory

Fayol’s theory

Contingency theory

Queuing theory

Chaos theory

Which of the following is true of an organization with a mechanistic structure?

The organization uses the structure only when needed—when the organizational environment is unstable

A mechanistic structure requires more managerial time, money, and effort than an organic structure.

Employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules and standard operating procedures

Authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers to encourage them to take responsibility

Here, managers can react more quickly to a changing environment than can managers in an organic structure

Which of the following statements indicates that Megabytes Inc. has implemented an
organic structure?

At Megabytes, employees are discouraged from taking up more responsibilities

At Megabytes, forming of cross-departmental or functional teams is discouraged

At Megabytes, employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules

At Megabytes, emphasis is placed on strict discipline and order.

At Megabytes, authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers.

Mayfair Mobile’s external environment is changing rapidly and it responds by
decentralizing decisions to lower-level managers so that the organization can react
faster. Which of the following types of organizational structure allows this?

A mechanistic structure

A formal structure

A bureaucratic structure

An oligarchic structure

An organic structure

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POM Chapter 02 - The Evolution of Management Thought

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