Nucleic Acid
Composition of nucleotides, nucleotides, 5'-3' orientation, structure of DNA, packaging of DNA in eukaryotes, active V inactive chromatin, structure of chromosome, types of rNA and role, difference between DNA & RNA, gene, allele, loci
Composition of nucleotides, nucleotides, 5'-3' orientation, structure of DNA, packaging of DNA in eukaryotes, active V inactive chromatin, structure of chromosome, types of rNA and role, difference between DNA & RNA, gene, allele, loci
Kartei Details
| Karten | 22 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 05.01.2020 / 13.01.2020 |
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DNA (outscribed, composition (3))
Deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, base
RNA (outscribed, composition (3))
Ribonucleic acid, ribose sugar, phosphate, base
4 bases (sectioned in two parts)
Adenine (A) & Guanine (Purines), Cytosine (C) & Thymine (T) (Pyrimidine)
Base pairs (2)
Adenine + Thymine, Guanine + Cytosine
How many bonds between A+T?
2 hydrogen bonds
How many bonds between G+C?
3 hydrogen bonds
5' (5prime) and 3' (3prime) (locations)
Both are ends of the sugar phosphate backbones, 5' is phosphate group attached to 5th carbon of the deoxyribose (O), 3' is hydroxyl group attached to 3rd carbon of the deoxyribose (OH)
Why are 5' and 3' important? (2)
The two sugar phosphate backbones run antiparallel, gives DNA strand direction
Structure of DNA (composition (2), bonding (2))
Composed of a double helix, antiparallel helixes (phosphate sugar backbone)
Bonds in single strand are phosphodiester bonds (P-O)
Bonds between the helixes are hydrogen bonds between two complementary bases (A-T or G-C)
Nucleosomes (pakcaging of DNA in eukayrotes) (structure)
DNA double helix is wrapped around histones forming nucleosomes
Solenoids (packaging of DNA in eukaryotes) (structure)
Many nucleosomes packaged together
Chromatin (packaging of DNA in eukaryotic cells)
Loosely grouped solenoids form chromatin -> coiled chromatin
Chromosome (packaging of DNA in eukaryotic cells) (composition, structure (5)
Coiled chromatin grouped into a structure called chromosome
Two chromatids containing telomers (ends of chromatides), centromere (where two chromatids bind), p-arm (shorter arm), q-arm (longer arm)
Euchromatin (definition (3), location)
Active part of chromosome, transcipted in S phase, loosely packed (uncoiled), in the arms of the chromosome
Heterochromatin (definiton (3), location (2))
Inactive chromatin, coiled, not transcripted, located in telomers and centromers
mRNA (role)
m=messenger
Transfers information from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA (role)
t=transfer
tRNA decodes mRNA sequences into a protein
rRNA (role)
r=ribosomal
rRNA is component of ribosomes and its role is protein synthesis
What's the difference between DNA & RNA (structural differences,functions,location)
Structural: DNA is double stranded & has AT&GC, DNA has deoxyribose sugar - RNA is single stranded & has AU(Uracil)&GC, RNA has ribose sugar
Functional: DNA is self-replicating and is stable, RNA is synthesized from DNA and reactive (O-H bonds) RNA = m-,t-,& rRNA
Location: DNA is in cell nucleus, RNA is found in cytoplasm
Gene (definiton)
Specific sequence of DNA that are encoded. Genes inherit the information to synthesize a protein
A single strand of protein contains thousands of genes
Allele (definiton)
Alleles are alternative versions of specific genes
(very simple example: Eye colour gene -> allele 1. = yellow colour, allele 2. = red colour -Y two different types of alleles in a gene)
Locus (plural: loci) (definiton)
Location of a gene or other DNA sequence on the chromosome (position of a genetic marker)
