Cell Biology
Structure, Plama Membrane, Transport, Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, Endomembrane System
Structure, Plama Membrane, Transport, Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, Endomembrane System
Kartei Details
| Karten | 59 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 02.01.2020 / 11.01.2020 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20200102_cell_biology
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Carrier proteins
interact with molecule->undergo a shape change to transport the molecule on the other side of the membrane
Active transport
Molecule and ATP attach to carrier protein, Uses ATP to transport molecules against concentration gradient (use of carrier proteins)
Molecules passing thorugh simple diffusion (2 types)
1. Hydrophobic molecules (O2 and N2) 2. Small uncharged polar molecules (H2O,CO2, Urea, Glycerol)
Primary active transport
Direct hydrolysis of ATP and against concentration gradient (Sodium(out)-Potassium(in) Pump)
Secondary active transport
Uses indirect ATP from primary transport (energy supplied by ion concentration and electrical gradient from primary active transport)
Bulk transport
Large substances which can't be transported through channel proteins or diffusion enter or leave cells via bulk transport (endocytosis&exocytosis)
Phagocytosis (function, energy, membrane peaks (term), how it works)
Transfer of large substances or bacterias into the cell, requires ATP, pseudopodia surrounds particle and takes it into cell (called phagosome)
Pinocytosis (function, energy)
Bulk transport of liquids via vesicles, requires ATP
Clathrin mediated endocytosis
Special endocytosis which has receptors to which only specific substances can bind and then get transported in the cell
Exocytosis
Golgi apparatus produces secretory proteins (early endosomes) which move to plasma membrane and get secreted via exocytosis
Microfilaments (cytoskeleton) (structure,content, function (2), length)
Strands with + and - end, made of actin (protein), major way of movement inside the cell, important for contractile movement, 7nm
Microtubules (cytoskeleton) (structure, content, function, length, direction)
Hollow cylinders with + and - end , made of alpha&beta tubulin monomers = tubulin dimer -> many molecule of tubulin, moves vesicles, organelles and chromosomes around the cell, 25nm, retrogade (moving towards negative end)
Intermediate filaments (cytoskeleton) (structure, content, function)
Rope like assemblages, fibrous proteins, stabilisation and shape maintenance of cell
Myosin (microfilament in cytoskeleton) (definition,function (2)
Motor protein, crosslinks actin filaments (microfilaments) with each other (cell movement), contraction and relaxation of muscle fibre,
Dynein (microtubule in cytoskeleton) (definiton, groups(2),
Motor protein, axonemal (sliding of microtubules within cilia&flagella) & cytoplasmic (transport&position organelles and assemble centrosomes)
Dynein and Microtuble interaction (2)
Dynein between two microtubule causes tubules to slide, Dynein crosslinked with nexin causes tubules to bend
Kinesin (function, transport types(2))
Same as Dynein but "anterogade" (towards positive end), 1. Axonal transport (organelles within neurons), 2. Cargo transport (transport&position organelles and assemble centrosomes)
Kinesin and Microtubule interaction
Kinesin "walks" on microtubules transporting cargo or axonal organelles towards positive end, one foot deattaches and reattaches
Endomembrane system (parts (4) with processes)
1. rER:
- Ribosomes on membrane synthesize proteins
- Proteins are then modified (glycosylated)
- Membraneous sections pinch off to form vesicles
2. Vesicles:
- Vesciles transport cargo to the golgi apparatus
3. Golgi apparatus:
- Vesicle fuse with membrane of cis golgi and deliver proteins
- Proteins get modified by golgi specific (membrane bound) enzymes moving to medial and trans golgi sections
- Membraneous section of trans golgi pinch off to form vesicles that carry them to cellular destination (example: secretion)
