Oncology
Cancer
Cancer
Kartei Details
| Karten | 77 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Medizin |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 03.12.2019 / 08.03.2021 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20191203_oncology
|
| Einbinden |
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|
Treatment Goals (4) and 2 extra (next slide)
Cure
primary treatment (removal tumor)
adjuvant treatment (*)
palliative treatment (relieve side effects, prevent complications, extrend lif expectancy)
adjuvant treatment
addition to primary treatment
adjuvant: given in addition after primary treatment
neoadjuvant: given before primary treatment to make tumor smaller (down-staging)
Local therapy (2)
cancer surgery and radiation
Systemic Therapy (5)
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Targeted therapy
Immunotherapy
Stem cell transplant
what is cancer
uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells due to gentic changes
how does cancer develops
due to
process
1. dysregulation (increased cell growth or decreased cell death)
Increase --> Proliferation --> Oncogenes
Decrease --> apoptosis --> tumor suppressor genes
progressive multipfactorial process
progressive multifactorial process
1., 2., 3., 4.
needs to
normal cell --> mutated cell --> founding cancer cell --> Cancer
needs to : evade IS, have blood supply
what is a tumor
= also called
_ or_
abnormal mass or lump of cells
= neoplasm
benign or malignant
Benign (gutartig)
= non
localisation, growth, back, speed, life
non cancerous
localized growth, doesn't spread to other parts, usually dont grow back, usually grow more slowly, rearly life-threatening
malignant (cancerous)
growth, spreading, recur, speed, life
invasive growth, can spread to other parts (metastasize), may recur, usually grow faster, may be life threatening
Blood cancer (hematological)
3
leukemia (blood-forming tissue: bone marrow, sleen)
Lymphoma (lymphatic system)
Myeloma (immune cells: plasma cells)
cancer surgery
Usually_
Generally_
usually primary therapy
generally greatest chance of cure
radiation therapy
uses_ to
_destruction
induction of_
uses radation to destroy cells (x-rays...)
direct destruction
induction of further mutations
types of radiation therapy (3)
EBRT, Brachytherapy
systemic radiation therapy and radio-immunotherapy
EBRT
source of
linear
targeting
radiation outside body
linear accelerator (system)
primary cancer or metastasis
Brachytherapy
radioactive_
for how long
material is placed within body
temporary or permanent
radiation therapy
SE depend on (4)
depend on dose, volume, tissue sensitivity, prior therapy
systemic therapy
drugs given via (2)
types (4)
blood stream or tablets
types: chemotherapy, hormone, targeted, immunotherpay
chemotherapy
drugs that _ with_
targeting cells that are_
drugs that interfere with cell growth
targeting cells that are rapidly dviding/growing
rapidly dividing and growing cells
some normal cells can be harmed
cancer cells
cells that line the gut
cells responsible for hair growth
chemotherapy
used as _ or_ chemotherapy
adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy
chemotherapy
used to treat _ and _cancer (non-curative setting)
recurrent and metastatic
Chemotherapy
usually given via_ or _
blood tream, some oral treatments
Chemotherapy in _setting, sometimes _setting
outpatient, inpatient setting
chemotherapy
_is needed against _
additional mediciation is needed against SE
SE of Chemo
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, nerve damage, reduction in white blood cells and risk of infection, organ damage (kidney, liver, lung, heart), loss of fertility
Hormone Therapy
some cancer are_
eg: 3x
drugs that block_to reduce_and_
treatment
hormone dependent
e.g breast and prostate
drugs that block homrones to reduce growth and slow down progression
treatment orally
targeted therapy
drugs that target specific 3x in cancer cells
specific changes, proteins or genes in cancer cells
targeted therapy
various mechanisms (4)
attention!
support or boost IS
stop growth of cancer cells
stop growth of blood vessels
kill cancer cells
cancer can develop resistance
Immunotherapy
drugs that_
_, _ developments
that support the IS to fight cancer
rapid current developments
Mechanisms Immunotherapy (4)
Flag cancer cells for destruction
Enhance immune response
modification of immune cells
tumor vaccines
Flag cancer cells for destruction (_)
monoclonal AB
Enhance immune response (_)
immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune modulating agents
modifiaction of immune cells
T-cells transfer therapy --> CAR-T-therapy
Chimetric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Stem cell transplant
Transplantation of_
usually used in combination with_
treatment option in _ and _ (disease)
2 different stem cells
SE: 3x
Transplantatin of blood stem cells
usually used in combination with complete destruction of blood stem cells
treatment option in leukemia and lymphoma
treatment: autologous (patient stem cells) or allogenic (stem cell donor)
SE: graft vs. host disease (transplantat-gegen-wirt), infection, reduction of blood cells
Treatment Stem Cell Transplant
optimal treatment depending on 3x
need to consider individual situation and preferences of patient 3x
type, stage, prognosis
duration of life, dont harm, QoL
Tumor Board
(what is this)
interdisciplinary discussion of patient --> planning of treatment
