Lernkartei HYGIENE EPIDEMIOLOGIE 2.0 (Seite 4 von 6)

Karten	222
Lernende	42
Sprache	English
Kategorie	Medizin
Stufe	Universität
Erstellt / Aktualisiert	24.01.2019 / 10.02.2021
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19. Which sentence about the folic acid is false?

a) All women capable of becoming pregnant could have an NTDaffected pregnancy

b) All women should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily in addition to foods high in folate such as fruits and vegetables

c) Only pregnant women should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily in addition to foods high in folate such as fruits and vegetables

d) For women who have had a previous affected pregnancy, folic acid supplementation of 4mg/d is recommended (under physician supervision)

20. Which of the following factors is not essential for the initiation of

caries?

a) bacteria

b) plaque

c) fermentable carbohydrates

d) yeasts

21.What types of microbes can spread due to lapses in and hygiene?

1 staphylococcus aures (including MRSA)

2 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

3 Klebsiella (including ESBL-producing Klebsiella)

4 E coil (including ESBL-producing E Coli)

5 Pseudomonas spp(indlucing multidrug resistantant PSeudomonas

spp)

6 Candida

7 Rotavirus

8 Hepatitis A virus

Microbes that can be spread on the hands of healthcare workers are:

a)1,2,3,4,5,6

b)1,2,3,4,5,6,7

c)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

d)1,2,3,4,5,6,8

22. the ‘MY 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE ‘ approach

incorporates all of WHO’s recommen- dations for hand hygiene. The

‘MY FIVE MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE’ approach presents five

essential indication (moments) when hand hygiene is required in

order to prevent germ trans- mission. ‘moment 1. Before touching a

patient ‘ refers to the following zone:

a) hand hygiene must take place after hand exposure to any surface in the patient room

b) hand hygiene must take a place when leaving the patient zone after a care sequence.

c) hand hygiene must take a place after touching the door handle and before shaking the patients hand

d) all the above

23.health care associated infection (HCAI) is

a) an infection occurring in a patient during process of care in a hospital or other health care facility which was not present or ..... at the time of admission

b) an infection acquired after discharge

c) also referred to as ‘NOSOCOMIAL ‘ or ‘ hospital’ infection

d) all the above

24. HCAI can cause:

a) prolongation of stay in a health-care facility

b) long term disability

c) lower personal costs on patients and their females

d) answer A and B are correct

27. The methods of ”SOMETHING” exposure to are:

A. Using less noisy technological processes good organization at work.

B. Individual protection (eg. ear plugs)

C. Prophylactic activity of doctors and nurses who are obliged to remove from noisy workplace workers who are oversensitive to noise.

D. All of above

28. The electromagnetic field causes;

1. Temporary disturbance of thermoregulation and in the level of

electrocytes

2. Headaches and dizziness

3. Disturbances in sleeping and memory

4. Changes in intraneural connections in the cerebral cortex

5. Bradycardia

6. Drop of blood pressure

a. 1,6

b.1,2,3,4,5,6

c.1,3,4,5,6

d.1,2,3,5,6

29. Microwaves induce

1. Thermal effects

2. Bioelectrial metabolic and structural changes in neural tissue

3. Damage of the eye

4. Changes in immunological and hemopoetic systems

5. Chromosomal aberrations

6. Disturbances in the maturation of gonad cells

a. 1,6

b. 1,2,3,4,5,6

c.1,3,4,5,6

d.1,2,3,5,6

30. Ultrasounds are widely used in medicine because of their utility.

Ultrasounds:

a) Act against pain, for example neutral pains, vertebral pains

b) cause degenerative disease of articulations

c) increase the tension of muscles

d) cause inflammatory processes, for example inflammatory processes around the articulations

1. Lycopene is

a. it belongs to the B vitamins group

b. it is among the strongest carotenoid antioxidants

c. the source of lycopene are peppers, papaya, tomatoes

d. answers A and B are correct

2. What are the proportions of primary nutrients in the

normal physiological

a. 50% - proteins 25% - sugars, vegetable fats and animal fats 10% to 15%

b. 50-60% carbohydrates (up to 10% simple sugars), 15% - proteins, fat – 30%

c. 50% - carbohydrates, 40% - protein, fat – 10%

d. 50% - protein, 25% - complex carbohydrates, fat – 5%-20%

3. WHO predicts that in 2020 for the biggest loss in

DALY will be responsible

a. coronary heart disease, depression, traffic accidents, CNS vascular disease, respiratory disease

b. depression, traffic accidents, coronary heart disease, AIDS

c. coronary artery disease, hemorrhagic fever, lung cancer, depression, and schi- zophrenia

d. AIDS, malaria, traffic accidents, coronary artery disease, hypertensi- on

4. Healthy Life Years Indicator – specifies

a. life expectancy

b. the length and quality of life

c. quality of life in chronic disease

d. demographic situations of the healthy populations

5. A feature of experimental studies is that

a. describe the natural course of events in the clinical setting

b. examine the causal relationships

c. examine the impact of determinants of disease

d. assess the impact of the changes of the factors determining the disease

6. Toxoids

a. are the products of bacterial metabolism

b. exotoxin devoid of bacterial pathogens properties

c. endotoxins with bacterial pathogenic properties

d. answers A and B are correct

7. What are the main factors of health inequalities?

a. organization of the health care system

b. socio-demographic factors

c. historical conditions

d. insufficient epidemiological surveillance

8. The main (emitier? What?) of particular matter is

(something along those words)

a. combustion in industry and energy production

b. road transport

c. burning outside the industry sector

d. none of the above

9. Oral hygiene in children needs to choose the proper

toothpaste

a. this is due to the inability to spit out toothpaste by children

b. age-determined selection of paste with the appropriate content of fluoride

c. relatively large portion of toothpaste – the size of a pea

d. all answers are correct

10. What is the reason for of hand disinfection ineffectiveness?

a. too small amount of the antiseptic

b. improper hand hygiene procedure

c. the use of antiseptics on wet skin

d. all answers are correct

11. Of these, the greatest risk of virus infection,

estimated at 6-30%, applies to:

a. HCB

b. HBV

c.HIV

d. the risk of infection is the same for all of these viruses

12. The most common complications of CO poisoning

include

a. liver or kidney damage

b. neurological disorders

c. asthma

d. gastrointestinal disorders

13. In smokers, COHb concentrations in the blood

a. is the same as for non-smokers

b. is on average 15-25%

c. can be up to 10-12%

d. all the answers are incorrect

14. Frequently missed during hand disinfection points are

a. the index finger and back of hand

b. thump, the spaces between the fingers, fingertips

c. the inner part of the palm, index finger, and the spaces between

d. the inner part of the palm, finger tips and thumb

15. How much should take proper hands disinfection

a. up to 20 seconds

b. about 30-60 seconds

c. about 60-120 seconds

d. about 5 minutes

16. The typical air pollutants include

a. nitrogen oxides

b. sulfur oxide

c. ozone

d. all mentioned

17. PM2.5 and PM10 are

a. particulate matter floating on the height of 2.5 m or 10 m

b. little dust holding in an atmosphere of 2.5 or 10 days

c. particulate matter fraction of less than 10um or 2.5um

d. none of the above mentioned is correct

18. The improvement of the epidemiological situation in

the field of infectious diseases include

a. reduction in the number of cases and deaths

b. elimination of disease

c. eradication of the disease

d. all answers are correct

19. In terms of acute mountain sickness (AMS), there are 2 acute conditions: high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Below are the symptoms statement with heights above sea level, please indicate the incorrect statement

a. HACE can develop after being more than 24 hours at an altitude of 4000-5000 meters above sea level revealing irrational behavior, lack of coordination, impaired balance to the significant drowsiness and coma

b. AMS may occur after exceeding 2500 m above sea level, between 4 and 24 hours of stay at a new high, taking the form of a more or less severe sym- ptoms listed in Lake Louise Symptom Score (LLSS) under which a person suspected of AMS reveives <3 points

c. AMS may occur after exceeding 2500 m above sea level, between 4 and 24 hours of stay at a new high, taking the form of a more or less severe symptoms of a diffuse headache, of gastrointestinal problems, weakness, dizziness, trouble sleeping

d. HAPE can develop after being more than 24 hours at an altitude of 3000 m above sea level, taking the form of shortness of breath even at rest, “gurgling breath,” (something), and bloody something something

20. Particulate matter can affect the cardiovascular

system leading to

a. increase in mortality from cardiovascular diseases

b. increase in the number of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases

c. coronary heart disease

d. all answers correct

21. Particulate matter affects the cardiovascular system by means of three mecha- nism. Select the correct alignment of the most important mechanisms

a. systemic inflammatory responses, the effect on the autonomic nervous system, the direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system

b. the effect on the autonomic nervous system, the direct penetration of particula- te matter into the circulatory system, systemic inflammatory reactions

c. direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system, syste- mic inflammatory response, the effect on the autonomic nervous system

d. systemic inflammatory reactions, the direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system, effects on the autonomic nervous system

22. Raynaud’s phenomenon is characteristic of people exposed to

a. ionizing radiation

b. infrasound noise

c. mechanical vibration

d. strong sunlight in the summer

23. Biological COHb half-lifetime averages

a. approx. 5 hours

b. approx. 20 min

c. approx. 24 hours

d. approx. 1 week

24. The strength of evidence for the presence of a risk factor is highest in the study

a. cohort

b. ecological

c. cross-sectional

d. case-control

25. The strength of evidence for the presence of a risk

factor is smallest in the study

a. cohort

b. ecological

c. cross-sectional

d. case-control

26. Screening is an example of

a. primary prevention

b. secondary prevention

c. tertiary prevention

d. health promotion

27. Epidemiological indicator which correlates with the development of the state is infant mortality, the hig her the ratio, the more developed a country is.

a. both statements are true and there is a causal relationship

b. both statements are true and there is no relationship between them

c. the first sentence is true, the second is false

d. the first sentence is false, the second sentence is true

28. Point to the correct order of the health determinants

importance by M. Lalon- de

a. medical, genetic factors, environmental conditions, lifestyle

b. medical care, environmental conditions, genetic factors, lifestyle

c. lifestyle, environmental conditions, genetic factors, medical care

d. environmental conditions, health, lifestyle, genetic factors

29. The proper (foliant?) supply in the diet is achieved by the use of

a. salads and leafy vegetables

b. products subjected to a long thermal treatment

c. folic acid additives in the (flour?)

d. answers A and C are correct

30. The sample is representative if

a. is selected at random and blindly

b. corresponds to the structure of the population

c. is suitable for the applied selection

d. there is no correct answer

HYGIENE EPIDEMIOLOGIE 2.0

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