Nervensystem II: ausgewählte Kapitel
Infos und facts for the second Neuro exam
Infos und facts for the second Neuro exam
Kartei Details
| Karten | 88 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Medizin |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 17.06.2018 / 25.10.2018 |
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What do Dyslexia, Schizophrenia and ASD have in common in respect to MSI?
all have sensory defecits extending beyond a single modality and appear rooted in changes in temporal processes
-> timing of the sensory information transmission within sensory systems could be at the origin of multisensory malfunction
What is SPD?
Sensory processing disorder = a condition where multisensory integration is not adequatly processed in order to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment
- could be due to sympathetic overactivity or less parasympathetic activity
- timing of ERP (event related potentials differ between SPD and normal developing children
Does the visual cortex play a role in normal tactile perception?
Yes, it is necessary for normal tactile perception. If you inhibit the occipital cortex using TMS, you have reduced tactile performance.
-> the Lateral occipital complex = is responsible for visual and taktile integration -> is a bimodal cortex region (tactile-visual)
What if the visual and tactile stimuli don't match? What cortical area is involved?
Then the visual input dominates the tactile input -> the movement of the visual input is perceived, while the tactile overruled.
In this case, the premotor and occipital cortex(V5 V3/3A) are recruited
Define:
- Hypercompensation
- cross-modal compensation
- perceptual deficiency hypothesis
- Hypercompensation: when the absence of one sensory modality leads to changes in the remaining intact senses
- Cross-modal compensation: when the sensory-deprived cognitive system has compensated (or substituted) to perform at the same level as healthy individuals
- Perceptual deficiency hypothesis: when the lack of one modality results in detrimental effects in the intact modality
How do compensatory changes in the blind and deaf come about?
- Intramodal plasticity: when intact sensory systems change to mediate behavioral changes
- Example: increase in represented pitches in the normally afferented auditory cortex of the blind
- Reorganisation of multisensory brain structures: recruitment of neurons with multisensory properties to process intact modalities
- Example: increase in the recqruitment of posterior Superior temporal sulcus (STS) in deaf individuals monitoring visual displays of moving stimuli
- cross-modal (or intermodal) changes: when the brain regions predominantly associated with the impaired system become recruited for tasks involving the intact systems
- activation of auditory cortices in deaf individuals
3 general findings on the brain plasticity of death or blind people
- losing a primarily spatial sense like vision -> triggers perceptual learning through the remaining sensory systems
- losing a primarily communicative sense like hearing -> triggers perceptual learning of visuospatial abilities
- deafferented cortical regions are recruited for both blindness and deafness.
Define SSD
Sensory substitution devices = transform the characteristics of one sensory modality into the stimuli of another modality
For istance:
- present visual information as touch
- present visual information by audition
Examples:
- Tongue display unit: vision is replaced through tactile information
- vision can also be replaced through auditory information
