Complete Vocabulary


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political rights

the right of citizens who have attained the legal voting age to participate in the democratic process (e.g voting right)

proportional representation

a method of voting by which political parties are given legislative representation in proportion to their popular vote; within the party the candidates with the most votes are elected

right of referendum

 

citizens right to definitively decide on laws made by parliament or parliamentary resolutions

government

executive body entrusted with the task of governing and implementing laws

relative majority

rule according to which a candidate is elected, when they receive the most votes compared to other candidates, regardless of voter turnout or amount of votes taken into consideration compared to the total number of votes

push factor

factors that "push" people away from a certain region (e.g.for reasons pertaining to war, environmental catastrophes)

compulsory education

legal provision for children of a certain age to regularly visit school

protection against expulsion

constitutional principle that prevents Swiss citizens from being extradited from Switzerland, and guarantees that refugees will not be deported to a state which would persecute or torture them

pull factor

factors that "attract" people from other regions (e.g. high earning potential, security from persecution)

socialisation

the process by which a person integrates into a society, whereby one acquires the societal norms and values and finds one's own position in it

civic rights

rights that require a state citizenship (e.g. freedom of establishment, protection against expulsion)

Council of States

the smaller of the two chambers of the Swiss parliament; the 46 representatives represent the cantons

tax liability

a citizens obligation to pay taxes to the state

tacit election

election where contenders are automatically elected, due to the fact that there are more seats of government than people running for office

voting right

the right to vote for or against a cause, for example, at a referendum

cancel

changing a pre-printed ballot paper by crossing out a name on the list

subjectivity

based on your own feelings and ideas and not on facts; something that is based on facts is objective

UN charter

constitution of the United Nations

Federal Assembly

the joint meeting of the National Council and Council of States

compulsory insurance

a legal obligation to insure oneself, such as medical insurance

fourth estate

mass media, which is gaining in significance as a mediator of information

popular majority

a popular majority is equivalent to a majority of the valid votes cast

right to vote

political right to take part in elections, active or passively

advertising

means and actions to systematically influence potential buyers

censorship

control or screening of political content (e.g. in mass media, in the circulation of information)

waste

unwanted or unusable material, substances, or by-products that result from manufacturing or processing of a product

share

security; share in the share capital of a corporation (in an incorporated company)

general terms and conditions; terms and conditions; terms

contractual arrangements (contractual terms) that specify and standardise the substance of a purchase agreement

supply; offer

commodities and services made available on the market due to needs and the associated demand

investment fund

a supply of capital belonging to numerous investors that is used to collectively purchase securities, while each investor retains ownership and control of his or her own shares

acceptance

the act of receiving delivered commodities

default in acceptance

violation of a contract: the vendor does not accept the delivered commodities

letter of intent

a written statement declaring intent to purchase

cash purchase

purchase that is immediately paid using cash

cash credit

bank loan which is available to private persons in the form of cash

debt collection; enforcement

foreclosure from debt enforcement offices to collect debt owed

online banking

cashless payment method, that allows a bank customer to manage their account and make payments via the internet

replacement/ substitute delivery

possible claim resulting from a faulty or damaged delivery, the goods must be sent back and replaced

external costs/ expenses

costs that are not included in the market price, such as forest decline, health and material damage and climate change

creditor

a party to a transaction to whom money is due