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PDA Glossary

Glossary

Glossary

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iterator:

An object that can iterate through a sequence, but which does not provide list operators and methods.

zip object:

The result of calling a built-in function zip; an object that iterates through a sequence of tuples.
scatter:

The operation of treating a sequence as a list of arguments.

gather:

The operation of assembling a variable-length argument tuple.

tuple assignment:

An assignment with a sequence on the right side and a tuple of variables on the left. The right side is evaluated and then its elements are assigned to the variables on the left.

tuple:

An immutable sequence of elements.
declaration:

A statement like global that tells the interpreter something about a variable.

flag:

A boolean variable used to indicate whether a condition is true.

global statement:

A statement that declares a variable name global.

global variable:

A variable defined outside a function. Global variables can be accessed from any function.
memo:

A computed value stored to avoid unnecessary future computation.

call graph:

A diagram that shows every frame created during the execution of a program, with an arrow from each caller to each callee.

singleton:

A list (or other sequence) with a single element.

raise statement:

A statement that (deliberately) raises an exception.
reverse lookup:

A dictionary operation that takes a value and finds one or more keys that map to it.

lookup:

A dictionary operation that takes a key and finds the corresponding value.

hashable:

A type that has a hash function. Immutable types like integers, floats and strings are hashable; mutable types like lists and dictionaries are not.

hash function:

A function used by a hashtable to compute the location for a key.
hashtable:

The algorithm used to implement Python dictionaries.

implementation:

A way of performing a computation.

value:

An object that appears in a dictionary as the second part of a key-value pair. This is more specific than our previous use of the word “value”.

key:

An object that appears in a dictionary as the first part of a key-value pair.
item:

In a dictionary, another name for a key-value pair.

key-value pair:

The representation of the mapping from a key to a value.

dictionary:

A mapping from keys to their corresponding values.

mapping:

A relationship in which each element of one set corresponds to an element of another set.

delimiter:

A character or string used to indicate where a string should be split.

aliasing:

A circumstance where two or more variables refer to the same object.

reference:

The association between a variable and its value.

identical:

Being the same object (which implies equivalence).

equivalent:

Having the same value.

object:

Something a variable can refer to. An object has a type and a value.

filter:

A processing pattern that traverses a list and selects the elements that satisfy some criterion.

map:

A processing pattern that traverses a sequence and performs an operation on each element.

reduce:

A processing pattern that traverses a sequence and accumulates the elements into a single result.

augmented assignment:

A statement that updates the value of a variable using an operator like +=.

accumulator:

A variable used in a loop to add up or accumulate a result.

nested list:

A list that is an element of another list.

element:

One of the values in a list (or other sequence), also called items.

list:

A sequence of values.

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