Psychology

combination of genetics and environment (diathesis-stress interpretion)

overabundance of dopamine in limbic system => hallucinations and delusions

low levels of dopamine in prefrontal cortex => alogia

smalle corpus callosum (connecting brain hemispheres)

avolition (lack of motivation for basic things, such as washing themselves)

alogia (reduced speech output)

asociality

anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure)

social withdrawal

acute:

mid 20s

if previously well-adjusted

more positive symptoms

responding to drug therapy

chronic:

slowdeveloping

3x hgher if childhood abuse

recovery doubtful

1%

80%

disjointed and inconherent thought processes

job training - riding a train

childlike behavior

catatonic behaviours => waxy flexibility

puposeless movement 

spying on me

trying to harm me

someone is out there to get me

Everything references to me

someone is trying to tell me somehting

I am Jesus

Believe I am someone else (Identity)

 I feel like something bad is going to happen, because I've sinned somewhere

Thought withdrawal/insertion

CIA is putting thoughts in my head

My kidneys are being eaten by cockroaches

Hallucinations

Delusions

DIsordered Speech

(One of three have to be diafnosed for schizophrenia for 1+ months)

Social Withdrawal

flat affect

low energy

anhedonia

(any negative symptoms have to be diagnosed for 6+ months)

reduced execuive funcitoning

trouble focusing

working memory

(6+ months)

preceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation

some bran areas are active as in inner speech => difficulty to distinguish

auditory = 2/3 hallucinations

WATSON

changing undesireable behaviours

Aversive conditioning:

Addicitve behavior (nailbiting) => unpleasant (shock, bad taste)

Exposure Therapy:

MARY COVER JONES
Boy eating cookies with rabbits

FREUD

unconcious and childhood conflicts umpact behaviour

patient talks about his past

unconcious wishes/repressed feelings bringing to light

free association

dream analysis

transference = transferring all positive/negative felling to psychoanalyst

used wuth children

play out their hopes, fantasies and traumas

therapist suggesting topics

ROGERS

what is happening now to you? FOrget the Past. Achieving potential

non-directive therapy

listening without judgement (active listening)

no interpretation

client centered

unconditinoal positive regard

Two or more unexpected attacks within two weeks

has no certain trigger

significant change in behaviour

4.7%

43%

Females > Males

Neurobiologists: Locus coeruleus: Major source of Norepoinephdrine triggering fight-of-flight

abnormal activity

Asthma Attack => anxious frightened => panic attack (developing through classical conditioning)

Scared of elevators

imagining certain situation (scary one)

relax after

repeat

(also possible with VR)

non-reinforced behaviors extinguished

token-economies

BECK

How you think determines How you feel and act

focusing how persons thought lead to feelings of distress

failed test => "I am worthless => depression

Failed tests => "I can do better. I am smart" => No depression

present issues => for example reationa emotive therapy (RET)
usnig both strateigeis (using your thoughts and chaniging behaviour)

A ction

B elief

C onsequence

excessive uncontrollable and pointless worry and apprehension

"freefloating anxiety"

not triggered by somehting special

60% of time worrying. 5 hours a day!

Excessive worry around for more than 6 months

restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension

difficult to control worry

5.7%

Females > Males

30%

Females > Males

4 or more of the following:

accelerated hear rate

sweating

shaking

shorness of breath

fear of dying

Intense fear peaks around 10 minutes

Lasts about 30 minutes