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Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 120 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Psychologie |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 19.12.2017 / 22.12.2017 |
| Lien de web |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20171219_psychology
|
| Intégrer |
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Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders
Definition
25 - 30%
Females > Males
Excessive worry, fear that somehting is going wrong. Out of proportion of actual threat.
Learned Fears
evolutionary reasons.
fearing snakes faster than rabbits
Obsessive-Compulsive Relatied Disorders
Highly intrusive, unpleasant and repetitive behaviors
disrupting daily life
Person knows it is obsessive
Various types of OCD
Contamination (Wahsing hands)
Harm/Doubt (House is on fire, checking)
Symmetry (Keeping everything in order)
Losing items of value (Hoarding)
Obsessions (No compulsions, mental rituals)
Prevalence OCD
Heritability
2.3%
Females > Males
29%
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
flaw in physical appearance, either nonexistent, barely noticeable
Phobias
excessive, distressing and persistent fear/anxiety of specific object or situation
impacts life very much
great lenghts to avoid stimulus
Diagnosis Phobias
Stimulus
persistent, unreasonable, excessive fear
6+ months
great lenghts to avoid stimulus
Prevalence Phobia
Social Phobia
12.5%
12%
Biological Reasons Phobia
overactive Locus coreleus
Fear centre (amygdala) overactive ("Aaahh!")
groupthink
modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus.
Group polarization
strengthening of orignial group attitude after the discussion of views within a group
Social facilitation
performing better when audience is watching
Social inhibition
performing less well if audience is watching, because it is not a "skilled" task
Milgram
Shocking experiment (65%)
Cognitive Dissonance
psychological discomfort from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors or cognitions
(dancing to justing bieber)
actions =! attitude
Elaboration Likelihood model
Central route (LOGIC)
motivated, analytical audience
high-effort in processing
lasting changes
Periphreal Route (NICE)
not motivated
low effort
temporary change
Athletes ads
Different types of attitudes
Affective: "It makes me good to recycle"
Behavioural: "I make a difference in waste"
Cognitive: "The world needs recycling"
Just-World-Hypothesis
fully responsible for own fate
"Stop being poor, stop getting raped"
selfserving bias
I do a mistake= external/situation/unlucky
You do a mistake = internal/disposition/you are an asshole
Fundamental Attribution Error:
Greg is angry => he is a mean person (internal/dispositional)
Greg is angry => he lost his job (external/situational)
Reciprocal determinism
thought, feelings and behaviours influence immediate surroundings and opposite
Hans & Sybil Eysenck
Stability vs. neuroticism
superego control vs. psychoticism
temperament introversion vs. extroversion
Big 5 personalities
O peneness to new experiences
C onscientousness
E xtroversion
A greeableness
N euroicism
trait
adjective describing personality
allport
4500 words for describing people
cardinal, central, secondary trait
cardinal: dominating entire personality
central: typicall use to describe ourselves
secondary: situation specific
catell
from 4500 of allport down to 172 traits
Rogers
Who am I?
Ideal self vs. real self
(congruence)
Rotter incomplete sentence
My mother ...
complete them as fast as possible
Thematic apperception test (TAT)
8 - 12 ambiguous pictures
tell a story
story gives insight to person
Rorschach-Inkblot test
trying to get things you are dealing with
Useing freuds defense mechanisms (Perception)
Julian Rotter / Locus of Control
Internal Locus:
better grades, achieve more in carreer
My success direct results from my efforts
External Locus:
stuff is going to happen anyways
outcomes are beyond my reach
Bandura
self-efficacy
what we think we can do
High: Goals are in my reach
Low: Tend to focus on failure
Observational Learning
learning is vicarious
Social-cognitive perspective
Bandura
Reciprocal Determinism
Horney
unconcious anxiety hamper growth
coping with problems:
moving towards people (needing affection)
moving against people (bullying, hurting)
moving away (isolated, adult loner)
Jung
Collective Personality because of archetypes
sex =! primary motivator¨
personality develops in second half of life => children = less stable personality
Erikson
sex=! main motivator
personality through lifespan (8 different ones)
Adler
inferiority = primary motivator
social stages instead of sexual ones
