Chemistry Final Part 2
2nd semester (1st year)
2nd semester (1st year)
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 72 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Chemistry |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 11.05.2017 / 16.01.2024 |
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Sign the correct answer:
Define the prosthetic group in the listed conjugated proteins:
(a)Lipoproteins
(b)Glycoproteins
(c)Nucleoproteins
(d)Heme proteins
(e)Metalloproteins
(a)Lipids
(b)Carbohydrates
(c)Nucleic acid
(d)Heme group
(e)Iron, calcium
Fill up the empty spaces in the following sentences:
- (a)Denaturation does not effect the structer of proteins
- (b)Dialysis is routinely used in the lab to remove excess of after resuspension
- (c)High-molecular weight proteins constituents of plasma exert ”colloid osmotic pressure” called also pressure
(a)primary
(b)ions
(c)oncotic
Select the true sentences for glycosides:
Some of the main properties of sialic acid (SA) are:
List the vitamins soluble in lipids:
A,D,K,E
Are omega 3 and 6 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids:
Unsaturated
Are they essential or non-essential
Essential
Cholesterol is the constituent of:
HDL (lipoproteins) sign the correct answer:
What is agar:
Homopolymere of galactose and is frequently sulphated
Derives from marine plants ex. Algae
Contains like starch amylose and amylopectine
How can saccharides be divided according to their size:
Divided into 4 functional groups according to their molecular size.
From biggest to smallest:1. Polysaccharide 2. Oligosaccharide 3. Disaccharides 4.Monosaccharides
Which saccharides can be hydrolyzed to form simpler saccharides:
Polysaccharides and dissacharides
Why is some people milk intolerant:
People lack a enzyme called lactase that is needed to breakdown lactose into glucose and galactose.
In what groups can polysaccharide glycans be divided into:
Divided into homoglycans and heteroglycans.
Homoglycans can be further divided branched and un-branched homoglycans.
Branched: Glucans and galactans
Un-branched: Glucans, galactans and fructans
What is a homoglycan and what function does it have:
Structural polysaccharide serving as storage molecule
Examples: Starch, Glycogen
What is starch:
Storage molecule, polysaccharide, Mixture of glucans that plant synthesizes as its food reserve.
What is glycogen:
Branched homoglycans
Polysaccharide storage molecule of animals and microbials
Found in all cells in the body mostly Skeletal muscle and liver cells
What is cellulose:
Linear polysaccharide, serving as plant skeleton
What is chitin:
Structural component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates.
Homopolymere of N-acetyl-D-glucosesamine
Important in the basic unit of collagen?
Gaps between units are important in formation of bones and cartilages because it stores and allows formation of Calcium hydroxyapatite crystals.
Describe what dentin is:
Makes up the internal material of teeth
Consist of 75% inorganic crystals makes them - stronger than bones
Some amino acids can bond to collagen fibers. This result in tremendous strenght of the molecule. Name these amino-acids:
Lysine, Allysine, Histine
What makes up collagen fibers:
Microfibrils of tropocollagen can assciate into fibrils. Many of these form collagen fibers.
What type of collagen is the most abundant in the human organism:
Collagen 1 approx 95 % of all collagen in the body
Describe what elastin is and where it can be found in the body:
Polypeptide chain rich in Gly, Ala, Val, Lys segments and forms highly elastic fibers.
Found in: Arterial blood vessels, skin, lungs, and nuchal ligaments
Describe what keratin is:
Alfa helical structure
Major protein in hair, fingernails and animal skin
How do the side chains arrange themselves on proteins:
In globular proteins they are distributed according to their polarity
What are the different side chains of proteins:
Non-polar residues: Found in interior of the protein
Charged polar residues: On the surface of the protein
Uncharged polar residues: On the surface of protein
Why is water largely excluded from the interior of globular proteins:
They are efficiently arranged and compact, which leaves very little space within the protein.
What is the domain part of globular proteins and what fuction does it have:
Portion of polypeptide chain that folds on itself to form a compact unit
Specific function: Binding of small and large molecules
What is fibrous protein:
Structural protein in animal cells and tissue.
Can also be found in connective tissue, animal fibers such as silk and hair.
In what forms can the secondary structure of fibrous proteins be found in?
Helical, pleated sheets, or irregular
Describe what collagens are:
Structural protein, most abundant in vertebrates.
Fuction to hold animal tissue together.
Forms the matrix; In bone an cartilages, connective tissue, intracellular matrix, constituent of skin, and dentine
What happens when you denature collagen:
You get a product called gelatin
Which amino acids are the most prominent in collagen and in how much percentage can these be found in relation to each other:
Gly 33%, Pro-Hyp 22%, and Ala 11%
What is the basic unit of collagen and what does it consist of and what kind of bond holds together the molecule:
Tropocollagen.
Consist of 3 helical polypeptide chains held together by hydrogen bonds.
What is a proteins:
A polymer of amino-acids
Functions: Structural role, storage role, enzymes, antibodies and receptors.
What are the four levels of description of proteins:
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
What kind of bonds holds the amino-acids together in a protein:
Peptide bond
