Set of flashcards Biophysics 2 (Page 5 of 9)

Flashcards	326
Students	14
Language	Deutsch
Category	Physics
Level	University
Created / Updated	09.02.2017 / 09.02.2020
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A cell membrane under resting conditions (no action potential generated) is

permeable for all types of ions

not permeable for any type of ions

permeable mostly for potassium ions

permeable mostly for sodium ions

Upon a generation of an action potential

cell membrane is depolarised due to flow of sodium ions inside and then repolarised due to flow of potassium ions outside

cell membrane is depolarised due to flow of potassium ions inside and then repolarised due to flow of sodium ions outside

cell membrane is repolarised due to flow of sodium ions inside and then depolarised due to flow of potassium ions outside

cell membrane is repolarised due to flow of potassium ions inside and then depolarised due to flow of sodium ions outside

Aorta is an artery that

transports oxygenated blood from right ventricle

transports oxygenated blood from left ventricle

transports deoxygenated blood from right ventricle

transports deoxugenated blood from left ventricle

According to the second law of thermodynamics all processes which occur in a real world are

reversible

irreversible

spontaneous

non-spontaneous

During the oxidation/reduction reaction

electrons are released

electrons are consumed

electrons are released upon oxidation and consumed upon reduction

electrons are consumed upon oxidation and released upon reduction

Sodium-potassium pump transports

sodium and potassium inside cell from the outside

sodium and potassium ions outside cell from the inside

sodium ions outside cell and potassium ions inside cell

sodium ions inside cell and potassium ions outside cell

Heat (Q) is an energy exchanged between bodies due to:

temperature difference

pressure difference

volume difference

electric potential difference

Temperature is a quantity which is proportional to:

average potential energy of molecules in a system

sum of potential energies of all molecules in a system

average kinetic energy of molecules in a system

sum of kinetic energies of all molecules in a system

The process of exocytosis of vesicles containing neurotransmitter from the presynaptic button requires

influx of sodium ions

influx of potassium ions

influx of calcium ions

influx of chloride ions

A velocity of action potential propagation in axons:

is directly proportional to the axon's diameter in case of myelinated and unmyelinated axons

is directly proportional to the square root of the axon's diameter in case of myelinated and unmyelinated axons

is directly proportional to the square root of the axon's diameter in case of myelinated axons and it is directly proportional to the axon's diameter in case of unmyelinated axons

is directly proportional to the square root of axon's diameter in case of unmyelinated axons and it is directly proportional to the axon's diameter in case of myelinated axons

Potassium channels are:

opened by potassium ions

closed by potassium ions

channels, which transport potassium ions through the membrane

channels, which are opened by potassium ions and transport potassium ions through the membrane

Membrane repolarisation during generation of an action potential is a result of:

influx of sodium ions into the cell

efflux of sodium ions from the cell

influx of potassium ions into the cell

efflux of potassium ions from the cell

Activatory synapses contain:

voltage-gated cation channels

neurotransmitter activated cation channels

voltage-gated anion channels

neurotransmitter activated anion channels

Sodium channels are:

opened by sodium ions

closed by sodium ions

channels, which transport sodium ions through membrane

channels, which are opened by sodium ions and transport sodium ions through the membrane

The wavelength of visible lies:

between 1 nm and 400 nm

between 400 and 800 nm

between 800 and 1200 nm

between 1200 and 1600 nm

Among the photoreceptor cells in the retina:

rods are expressed in a higher number and they are more sensitive to light than cones

cones are expressed in a higher number and they are more sensitive to light than rods

rods are expressed in a higher number and they are less sensitive to light than cones

cones are expressed in a higher number and they are less sensitive to light than rods

Ion channels and ion pumps:

are both active transport systems

are both passive transport systems

ion channels are active transport systems, whereas ion pumps are passive transport systems

ion channels are passive transport systems, whereas ion pumps are active transport systems

According to the Newton's law the force required to move a plate at a constant speed on a surface of the viscous liquid is:

a. directly proportional to the area of the plate and to the viscosity-induced velocity gradient perpendicular to the plate

b. inversely proportional to the area of the plate and to the viscosity-induced velocity gradient perpendicular to the plate

c. directly proportional to the area of the plate and inversely proportional to the viscosity- induced velocity gradient perpendicular to the plate

d. inversely proportional to the area of the plate and directly proportional to the viscosity- induced velocity gradient perpendicular to the plate

The distribution of the fluid velocities in a cylindrical tube is:

parabolic both in case of laminar and turbulent flow

not parabolic both in case of laminar and turbulent flow

parabolic in case of laminar and not parabolic in case of turbulent flow

not parabolic in case of laminar and parabolic in case of turbulent flow

In the heart and pulmonary system the blood is transported:

a. from right ventricle to the lungs and then from the lungs to right atrium

b. from right ventricle to the lungs and then from the lungs to the left atrium

c. from left ventricle to the lungs and then from the lungs to right atrium

d. from left ventricle to the lungs and then from the lungs to left atrium

The blood pressure is equal to:

70-120 mm Hg both in case of arteries and in veins

8-22 mm Hg both in case of arteries and in veins

8-22 mm Hg in case of arteries and 70-120 mm Hg in case of veins

70-120 mm Hg in case of arteries and 8-22 mm Hg in case of veins

In the process of oxidative phosphorylation:

NADH and FADH2 molecules are oxidated

NADH and FADH2 molecules are reduced

NADH molecules are oxidated whereas FADH2 molecules are reduced

NADH molecules are reduced whereas FADH2 molecules are oxidated

Potassium channels, which are present in stereocillia of the inner hair cells are activated by: membrane depolarisation:

membrane stretch

acetylcholine

intracellular cyclic GMP

According to the first law of thermodynamics the change of the internal energy (delta-U) of any thermodynamic system is:

directly proportional to the exchanged heat (Q) and to performed work (W)

directly proportional to the exchanged heat (Q) and inversely proportional to performed work (W)

inversely proportional to the exchanged heat (Q) and to performed work (W)

inversely proportional to the exchanged heat (Q) and directly proportional to performed work (W)

The energy of a hydrogen bond is:

in the range 10-40 kJ/mol, which is between covalent bond (1 kJ/mol) and van der Waals forces (500 kJ/mol)

in the range 10-40 kJ/mol, which is between van der Waals forces (1 kJ/mol) and covalent bond (500 kJ/mol)

equal to 1 kJ/mol

equal to 500 kJ/mol

Osmosis is a process of:

flux of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from higher to lower concentrations of dissolved substance

flux of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from lower to higher concentrations of dissolved substance

flux of dissolved substance through a semipermeable membrane from higher to lower concentrations of dissolved substance

flux of a dissolved substance through a semipermeable membrane from lower to higher concentrations of dissolved substance

Diffusion is a process of:

random walk of molecules from region of high concentrations to region of low concentrations

random walk of molecules from region of low concentrations to region of high concentrations

random walk of molecules from regions of high electric potentials to regions of low electric potentials

random walk of molecules from regions of low electric potentials to regions of high electric potentials

According to the second law of thermodynamics all processes which occur in a real world are:

reversible and spontaneous

irreversible and not spontaneous

reversible and spontaneous or not spontaneous

irreversible and spontaneous or not spontaneous

Upon depolarization of inner hair cells there is:

nflux of sodium ions

influx of potassium ions

influx of calcium ions

influx of chloride ions

The molecules, which are reduced in the process of oxidative phosphorylation are:

NADH

FADH2

Oxygen

all of them

The blood velocity is:

the highest in aorta and the lowest in capillaries

the highest in capillaries and the lowest in aorta

the highest in aorta and the lowest in arteries

the highest in arteries and the lowest in aorta

The systemic circulation the blood is transported:

oxygenated blood is pumped out from right ventricle and deoxygenated blood enters the heart from left atrium

oxygenated blood is pumped out from left ventricle and deoxygenated blood enters the heart from left atrium

oxygenated blood is pumped out from left ventricle and deoxygenated blood enters the heart from right atrium

oxygenated blood is pumped out from right ventricle and deoxygenated blood enters the heart from right atrium

During the reduction reactions:

electrons and protons are released

electrons and protons are consumed

electrons are released whereas protons are consumed

electrons are consumed whereas protons are released

The energy of Colulomb interactions between ions is:

directly proportional to the charge and directly proportional to the distance between ions

directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the distance between ions

inversely proportional to the charge and directly proportional to the distance between ions

inversely proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the distance between ions.

A dipole moment is equal to:

the electric charge of a dipole

the distance between charges

the charge divided by the distance

the charge multiplied by the distance

The dispersion forces (known also as Van Der Waals forces) are:

always repulsive

always attractive

are attractive at shorter distances and repulsive at longer distances

are attractive at longer distances and repulsive at shorter distances

Membrane lipid are organized in:

micelle

monolayer

bilayer

inverted micelle or inverted hexagonal phase

According to the fluid mosaic model of biological membrane-proteins are:

always an integral part of a membrane

always attached to the outer surface of a membrane

always attached to the inner surface of the membrane

can be either an integral part of a membrane or can be attached to a surface of the membrane

Energy of an electromagnetic wave is equal to:

frequency of the wave

Planck’s constant

Planck’s constant multiplied by the frequency

Planck’s constant divided by the frequency

During the processes of absorption and fluorescence the energy of the molecule is:

increased in both cases

decreased in both cases

increased in case of absorption and decreased in case of fluorescence

decreased in case of absorption and increased in case of fluorescence

Biophysics 2

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