Physiology
Nevian
Nevian
Kartei Details
| Karten | 160 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 19.01.2017 / 25.01.2017 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20170119_physiology
|
| Einbinden |
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|
Directional hearing
>2kHz nur Druckunterschied verwertbar
acoustic pathway
Kleinhirn oder Cerebellum
Das Kleinhirn erfüllt wichtige Aufgaben bei der Steuerung der Motorik: Es ist zuständig für Koordination, Feinabstimmung, unbewusste Planung und das Erlernen von Bewegungsabläufen.
Position of the semicircular canals (vestibular)
Head rotation to right activates right vestibular organ
The otolith organs
Afferent / efferent nerves
Cocktail-Party Phenomen
The Organ of Smell
Receptor Cells
The Cardiac Cycle: Overview
Cardiac Cycle: The Wigger’s Diagramm
The Cardiac Cycle
The Laplace Law and Cardiac Function
Definitions: Preload and Afterload
Frank-Starling/Sarnoff Curves
Adaptation to increased preload
Adaptation to increased afterload
Changing the contractility (Inotropy)
How can we explain the AP difference between
SA-Node and ventricular myocytes?
CICR mechanism
Mechanism of Calcium Induce Calcium Release (CICR)
Dromotropy
Chronotropy, Dromotropy:Sympathetic System
Chronotropy
Chronotropy, Dromotropy: parasympathetic System
The erythrocytes properties
Blood groups
Diffusion example with Ca2+ signals
The Windkessel function (Aorta)
This mechanism similar to a RC low-pass filter (for electric circuit)
ensures a continuous blood flow.
Capillaries and microcirculation
Net filtration before and resorption after equilibrium
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Pc)
This pressure drives fluid out of the capillary (i.e., filtration), and is highest at the arteriolar end of the capillary
and lowest at the venular end
Capillary Plasma Oncotic Pressure (ΠC)
Because the capillary barrier is readily permeable to ions, the osmotic pressure within the capillary is principally
determined by plasma proteins that are relatively impermeable.
Tissue (Interstitial) Pressure (Pi)
This hydrostatic pressure is determined by the interstitial fluid volume and the compliance of the tissue
interstitium, which is defined as the change in volume divided by the change in pressure.
Tissue (interstitial) Oncotic Pressure (Πi)
The oncotic pressure of the interstitial fluid depends on the interstitial protein concentration and the reflection
coefficient of the capillary wall.
Elastance and compliance of the blood vessels
Blood flow within the vessels: Hydrodynamics
Hagen-Poiseuille Law
Qv = π* r 4 / (8*(viskosität)*L) * DeltaP
Laminar and turbulent flow
Re>2000-->turbulent flow
Systemic control of blood pressure
Overall effect
To increase cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance (both arteries and veins), and arterial blood pressure. Enhanced sympathetic activity is particularly important during exercise, emotional stress, and during hemorrhagic shock.
Baroreceptors
Sympathetic control of blood pressure
sympatic: alpha 1 rezeptor-->Noradrenalin -->Vasoconstriction (gefässverengung)
parasympatic: beta 2 rezeptor-->Adrenalin -->Vasodilation (gefässerweiterung)
Local control of blood vessels:
Local control of blood vessels: Nitric Oxyde
NO diffundiert in Muskelzelle
Quiet breathing:
Inspiration: active through contraction of the diaphragm and/or the external intercostal muscles.
Expiration: passiv through elastic recoiling forces
Forced breathing:
Inspiration:
Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, auxiliary muscles.
Expiration:
Active with internal intercostal muscles and auxiliary expiratory muscles (Abdominal press).
Intrapleural space:
P pl = intrapleural pressure
= - 5 cm H2O
Surfactant reduces surface tension
-->Surfactant
